Abstract: A current sensor capable of efficiently cooling a busbar by using a cooling device includes a busbar, a shield disposed to face the busbar, a magnetic sensor disposed between the shield and the busbar, and an enclosure that integrally encases part of the busbar, the shield, and the magnetic sensor. When a side on which the busbar is disposed in the X-axis direction in which the busbar, the magnetic sensor, and the shield are arranged is defined as an X1 side, the busbar is disposed on the X1 side from the center line of the enclosure, and at least the X1 side of the enclosure is disposed to face the cooling device.

Abstract: The moldability of a flange part in a terminal angle part of the flange part is improved. A panel joining structure in which one side of a roof panel of a vehicle body and one side of a side panel are continuously joined at a side-edge flange part extending in a vehicle longitudinal direction, wherein: the roof panel and the side panel have vertical wall parts that spread downward from side parts extending in a vehicle width direction in a panel main body; and in a terminal angle part of the continuously joined side-edge flange part, a notch is provided to the vertical wall part of at least one of the roof panel and the side panel.

Abstract: A rear body structure is provided that forms a design face of a rear pillar nicely and gives sufficient rigidity to the rear pillar. The rear body structure has a rear pillar at a rear of a vehicle body. The rear pillar includes an outer rear pillar that is arranged on an outside in a lateral direction to form an exterior face of the rear pillar, and an inner rear pillar that is arranged inside in the lateral direction of the outer rear pillar. The inner rear pillar has a protrusion that protrudes toward the outer rear pillar. The protrusion is formed continuously in a vertical direction of the rear pillar.

Abstract: The moldability of a flange part in a terminal angle part of the flange part is improved. A panel joining structure in which one side of a roof panel of a vehicle body and one side of a side panel are continuously joined at a side-edge flange part extending in a vehicle longitudinal direction, wherein: the roof panel and the side panel have vertical wall parts that spread downward from side parts extending in a vehicle width direction in a panel main body; and in a terminal angle part of the continuously joined side-edge flange part, a notch is provided to the vertical wall part of at least one of the roof panel and the side panel.

Abstract: A rear body structure is provided that forms a design face of a rear pillar nicely and gives sufficient rigidity to the rear pillar. The rear body structure has a rear pillar at a rear of a vehicle body. The rear pillar includes an outer rear pillar that is arranged on an outside in a lateral direction to form an exterior face of the rear pillar, and an inner rear pillar that is arranged inside in the lateral direction of the outer rear pillar. The inner rear pillar has a protrusion that protrudes toward the outer rear pillar. The protrusion is formed continuously in a vertical direction of the rear pillar.

Abstract: A vehicle body includes: an opening that is formed in the rear surface; a rear panel assembly having a closed cross-sectional shape and being located at the lower edge of the opening and extending in the width direction of the vehicle; left and right rear wheel wells located in front of the rear panel assembly; and left and right gussets for panels, the gussets connecting the left and right rear wheel wells and the rear panel assembly. Each of the rear wheel wells forms a portion of each of the inner walls of the vehicle body side sections, and the rear wheel wells have support sections for supporting rear dampers for the left and right rear suspensions.

Abstract: A side structure for a vehicle body, the side structure having: a side rail and a pillar that are provided at sides of door openings; and trim members that are provided to the side rail and the pillar. In the side structure, a pillar inner member is provided to the side rail while the upper end of the pillar inner member overlaps a joint of the side rail, and this forms intersections at which rail flanges and pillar flanges cross. At the intersections, stepped sections are formed at the pillar flanges, and in the rail flanges, recesses are formed at portions corresponding to the stepped sections.

Abstract: A side structure for a vehicle body, the side structure having: a side rail and a pillar that are provided at sides of door openings; and trim members that are provided to the side rail and the pillar. In the side structure, a pillar inner member is provided to the side rail while the upper end of the pillar inner member overlaps a joint of the side rail, and this forms intersections at which rail flanges and pillar flanges cross. At the intersections, stepped sections are formed at the pillar flanges, and in the rail flanges, recesses are formed at portions corresponding to the stepped sections.

Abstract: A vehicle body includes: an opening that is formed in the rear surface; a rear panel assembly having a closed cross-sectional shape and being located at the lower edge of the opening and extending in the width direction of the vehicle; left and right rear wheel wells located in front of the rear panel assembly; and left and right gussets for panels, the gussets connecting the left and right rear wheel wells and the rear panel assembly. Each of the rear wheel wells forms a portion of each of the inner walls of the vehicle body side sections, and the rear wheel wells have support sections for supporting rear dampers for the left and right rear suspensions.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a system in which an apoptosis-inducing factor is expressed in an expression promoter-dependent manner, which is not a system wherein a toxin is introduced externally, and a novel protein that can enhance an apoptosis signal used in the system. The present invention relates to An apoptosis-inducing factor comprising a fusion protein of a polypeptide comprising FADD or a constituting domain thereof and a protein with a self-assembling activity, an expression vector comprising DNA encoding the apoptosis-inducing factor, a transgenic animal having the expression vector introduced therein, an animal wherein apoptosis is induced in a specific cell or tissue and/or at a specific time and a method for producing the animal.

Abstract: There are provided an artificial joint device that can realize an artificial limb enabling twisting motion without a drive source, and when with the drive source, reduce the size and costs of the device, and a parallel linkage that can realize the device. The linkage connects a foot portion and a mounting plate spaced from each other. A fixed link has one end fixed to the plate, and the other end connected to the foot portion via a ball joint, making the angle of the fixed link relative to the foot portion changeable in any direction. Expansible links extend between the foot portion and the plate in an expansible/contractible manner and each have opposite ends connected to the plate and the foot portion via respective upper and lower ball joints, making respective angles thereof relative to the foot portion and the plate changeable in any direction.

Abstract: An outboard motor includes an engine and a housing unit mounted on an associated watercraft. An intermediate unit is coupled with the housing unit to support the engine above the housing unit. An exhaust conduit discharging exhaust gases from the engine depends from the intermediate unit to extend generally vertically within the housing unit. The intermediate unit defines a coolant passage having a discharge port spaced apart from an outer surface of the exhaust conduit. A guide member is arranged to guide the coolant discharged from the discharge port toward the outer surface of the exhaust conduit.

Abstract: An engine includes an engine body. A camshaft shaft is journaled for rotation within the engine body. A rocker arm shaft also is disposed within the engine body. Intake and exhaust rocker arms are pivotally mounted on the rocker arm shaft. The intake rocker arm is associated with an intake valve. The exhaust rocker arm is associated with an exhaust valve. The camshaft actuates the intake and exhaust valves through the intake and exhaust rocker arms, respectively. The rocker arms are axially moveable along an axis of the rocker arm shaft. A stopper is disposed on the rocker arm shaft to stop the axial movement of the rocker arms in one direction. A spring member is mounted on the rocker arm shaft opposite to the stopper to urge the rocker arms toward the stopper. A block member blocks the axial movement of the rocker arms toward the biasing member.

Abstract: There are provided an artificial joint device that can realize an artificial limb enabling twisting motion without a drive source, and when with the drive source, reduce the size and costs of the device, and a parallel linkage that can realize the device. The linkage connects a foot portion and a mounting plate spaced from each other. A fixed link has one end fixed to the plate, and the other end connected to the foot portion via a ball joint, making the angle of the fixed link relative to the foot portion changeable in any direction. Expansible links extend between the foot portion and the plate in an expansible/contractible manner and each have opposite ends connected to the plate and the foot portion via respective upper and lower ball joints, making respective angles thereof relative to the foot portion and the plate changeable in any direction.

Abstract: An engine includes an engine body and pistons reciprocally disposed within the engine body. The engine body and the piston together define a combustion chamber. The engine body defines an intake passage communicating with the combustion chamber at an intake port thereof and an exhaust passage communicating with the combustion chamber at an exhaust port thereof. At least one intake valve is arranged to move between an open position and a closed position relative to the intake port. At least one exhaust valve is arranged to move between an open position and a closed position relative to the exhaust port. A camshaft shaft is journaled for rotation within the engine body. A rocker arm shaft also is disposed within the engine body. Intake and exhaust rocker arms are pivotally mounted on the rocker arm shaft. The intake rocker arm is associated with the intake valve. The exhaust rocker arm is associated with the exhaust valve.

Abstract: An outboard motor includes an engine and a housing unit mounted on an associated watercraft. An intermediate unit is coupled with the housing unit to support the engine above the housing unit. An exhaust conduit discharging exhaust gases from the engine depends from the intermediate unit to extend generally vertically within the housing unit. The intermediate unit defines a coolant passage having a discharge port spaced apart from an outer surface of the exhaust conduit. A guide member is arranged to guide the coolant discharged from the discharge port toward the outer surface of the exhaust conduit.

Abstract: A protective cowling arrangement provides atmospheric air to the engine of an outboard motor for engine cooling and combustion while inhibiting water intake. The protective cowling incorporates one or more air inlets, an air chamber, and ducts of different sizes for permitting atmospheric air to enter the engine compartment. One of these ducts, which is disposed in part above electrical components of the engine, is substantially shorter in length than the other duct. This duct thus has a smaller flow area without unduly restricting air flow through the duct. An air chamber cover is affixed to the engine and shields the ducts to afford further water preclusion.

Abstract: A cowling arrangement for an outboard motor for use in powering a watercraft is disclosed. The motor has an engine and a water propulsion device, the engine having an output shaft arranged to drive the water propulsion device. The cowling defines an engine compartment in which the engine is positioned and an air chamber having an inlet. The cowling comprises a cover and an air chamber base. The air chamber base is connected to the cover in a sealed manner and divides the engine compartment from the air chamber and includes a duct which extends upwardly into the air chamber. The air chamber base which defines an air passage leading from the chamber to the engine compartment. The air chamber base defines a surface sloping in a direction of a drain through the air chamber, whereby water drawn through the inlet is drained therefrom.

Abstract: An output circuit including an input inverting buffer circuit, and an output transistor circuit controlling a voltage of an output terminal by a current flowing therein. A control terminal of the output transistor is coupled to an output of the buffer circuit and to a current divider. The current divider is controlled by a voltage level of the output terminal and diverts current flowing from the output of the buffer circuit to the output transistor. The output circuit reduces overcurrent that flows at a rise of a voltage level of an output terminal, and thereby prevents a ground voltage level from floating up and noise from occurring.

Abstract: A number of embodiments of an exhaust system for outboard motors that includes a trap portion in a conduit which conveys the exhaust gases from an expansion chamber formed in the drive shaft housing to an underwater exhaust gas discharge. The trap portion has a horizontal section that is disposed above the water level, and various orientations are depicted. In addition, a catalyst is also provided, and the catalyst is protected from water also by the construction.