Abstract: A broaching cutter includes a plurality of initial cutting blade stages for cutting formation portions to be tooth body portions in internal teeth, a plurality of intermediate cutting blade stages for cutting the formation portions to be the tooth body portions further deeply, and a plurality of final cutting blade stages for cutting formation portions to be clearance portions located deeper than the tooth body portions, the initial cutting blade stages, the intermediate cutting blade stages, and the final cutting blade stages being sequentially arranged from an upstream side in a cutting direction S. Each of a pair of distal end corners of each of cutting blades in the intermediate and final cutting blade stages has a chamfered shape larger than that of a curved shape of a pair of distal end corners of each of the cutting blades in the initial cutting blade stages.

Abstract: A broaching cutter includes a plurality of initial cutting blade stages for cutting formation portions to be tooth body portions in internal teeth, a plurality of intermediate cutting blade stages for cutting the formation portions to be the tooth body portions further deeply, and a plurality of final cutting blade stages for cutting formation portions to be clearance portions located deeper than the tooth body portions, the initial cutting blade stages, the intermediate cutting blade stages, and the final cutting blade stages being sequentially arranged from an upstream side in a cutting direction S. Each of a pair of distal end corners of each of cutting blades in the intermediate and final cutting blade stages has a chamfered shape larger than that of a curved shape of a pair of distal end corners of each of the cutting blades in the initial cutting blade stages.

Abstract: A data processor acquires video data and audio data and, after processing them appropriately, stores them on an optical disc and/or an HDD (300). When displaying an index of the images representing the acquired video data, thumbnail images are generated by means of a decoder (480) and an AV processor (460) on the basis of the data of the data system recorded along with the video data. The thumbnail images of the data system that can be used for displaying images are displayed as index, while the thumbnail images of any data systems other than the above data system are replaced by respective invalid images to tell that they cannot be displayed. Thus, an index can be displayed with a simple arrangement if data of different data systems are recorded.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is provided which can prevent contacts between thin metal wires for electrically connecting the electrodes of a substrate with the electrodes of a semiconductor element. The semiconductor device of the present invention includes metal protrusions formed on the electrodes of the semiconductor element, the metal protrusions having lower hardness than the hardness of the thin metal wires. The metal protrusions are bonded to the thin metal wires.

Abstract: In a semiconductor device of the present invention, of wires 5a, 5b and 5c which are vertically arranged to connect a plurality of electrodes 3 formed on a major surface of a semiconductor chip 2 and internal electrodes 4 of conductor portions arranged around the semiconductor chip 2, the wires 5a at the lowest level have the lowest stiffness and the wires 5b and 5c at a higher level have higher stiffness. With this configuration, it is possible to eliminate contact among the wires 5a, 5b and 5c, thereby improving the yields.

Abstract: A data processor acquires video data and audio data and, after processing them appropriately, stores them on an optical disc and/or an HDD (300). When displaying an index of the images representing the acquired video data, thumbnail images are generated by means of a decoder (480) and an AV processor (460) on the basis of the data of the data system recorded along with the video data. The thumbnail images of the data system that can be used for displaying images are displayed as index, while the thumbnail images of any data systems other than the above data system are replaced by respective invalid images to tell that they cannot be displayed. Thus, an index can be displayed with a simple arrangement if data of different data systems are recorded.

Abstract: Frequency converting sections 104a to 104n convert the frequency of modulated transmission signals to signals of an intermediate frequency by multiplying the transmission signals by a local signal; filter sections 105a to 105n attenuate the transmission signals after frequency conversion in the frequency regions outside the frequency band of the desired signals; and E/O sections 106a to 106n convert the transmission signals from electric signals to optical signals and output them to the O/E sections 151a to 151n of the base station apparatus 150.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a bi-directional optical transmission system wherein a single optical fiber is shared by upstream and downstream systems, thereby eliminating the need for providing an additional optical fiber and reducing the number of maintenance operations. A master station 400 for outputting a downstream optical signal is connected via an optical transmission path 200 to slave stations 500a-500c each for outputting an upstream optical signal. The optical transmission path 200 includes a single optical fiber connecting at one end to the master station 400, and optical branching units 202a, 202b branching the single optical fiber for connection to the slave stations. The master station 400 includes an optical passive unit 405 which supplies an upstream optical signal coming through the single optical fiber only to an optical-electrical converter 404 and supplies a downstream optical signal output from an electrical-optical converter 403 only to the single optical fiber.

Abstract: A center station 1 generates an all-channel signal 2 obtained by multiplexing signals on all channels, and transmits the signals to a selective distribution station 10 through 1 wire transmission line such as an optical fiber. Subscribers' transmitting devices 40.sub.1 to 40.sub.N transmit requests for channels to be received by corresponding subscribers' receiving devices 30.sub.1 to 30.sub.N to the selective distribution station 10 in a radio transmission system. The selective distribution station 10 selects the signals on the channels requested from the all-channel signal 2 in response to requests to receive channels serving as up-signals transmitted in a radio transmission system from the subscribers' transmitting devices 40.sub.1 to 40.sub.N, and distributes and transmits the selected signals to the subscribers' receiving devices 30.sub.1 to 30.sub.N as down-signals.

Abstract: A light-receiving module includes: a pigtail optical fiber including a core portion for transmitting an optical signal and a cladding portion covering a side face of the core portion; an optical connector provided at a first end of the pigtail optical fiber for optically connecting a transmitting optical fiber with the end of the pigtail optical fiber; a light-receiving device having a light-receiving face for receiving the optical signal propagating through the core portion and for converting the optical signal into an electric signal; an optical coupling system for converging the optical signal emitted from a second end of the pigtail optical fiber onto the light-receiving face of the light-receiving device; and means for preventing light propagating through the cladding portion from reaching the light-receiving face of the light-receiving device so that the optical signal propagating through the core portion does not interfere with the light propagating through the cladding portion on the light-receiving f