Abstract: A jet-generation apparatus (100) adapted to generate a liquid jet (1), includes vacuum chamber (10), nozzle device (20) with at least one nozzle (21, 22), which is arranged for discharging liquid into vacuum chamber (10) and for generation of liquid jet (1), liquid supply device (30) including liquid reservoir (31) and first pump (32) and is coupled to nozzle device (20), collecting device (40) including collecting vessel (41) with inlet opening (42), which is arranged for collecting liquid jet (1) in vacuum chamber (10), and recovery device (50) arranged for recovery of the collected liquid from collecting vessel, wherein recovery device (50) includes second pump (52) arranged between collecting vessel (41) and liquid reservoir (31) and is adapted for the transport of the collected liquid directly into liquid supply device (30). A method for generating a liquid jet (1) with the jet-generation apparatus (100) is also described.

Abstract: Methods for the plasma-based generation of X-radiation are described with the steps: provision of a target material (50) in the form of a free flow structural formation (51) in a vacuum chamber (20), and irradiation of the target material (50) in order to produce a plasma condition in which the X-radiation is radiated therefrom, the flow structural formation (51) being formed in such a way that the target material has, at least at the location of the irradiation, a surface (52) with a local curvature minimum. Devices for the imple mentation of the methods and, in particular, X-ray sources for the plasma-based generation of X-radiation are also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nozzle assembly (1) for dispensing a fluid, especially for injecting the fluid into a vacuum chamber. The nozzle assembly (1) includes a nozzle body (2) with a continuous nozzle duct (9) and a nozzle port (10) that is embodied at the discharge end and is used for discharging the fluid, and a feeding capillary tube (8) which extends co-axially in relation to the nozzle duct (9) and is used for delivering the fluid to be injected. The feeding capillary tube (8) extends into the nozzle duct (9) of the nozzle body (2) in the direction of flow in order to reduce the dead volume.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for producing a solid filament from a liquid in a vacuum chamber, comprising the following steps: a gas is liquefied in a heat exchanger apparatus to produce the liquid; and the liquid is delivered into the vacuum chamber via a supply duct and through a nozzle. Liquefying of the gas in the heat exchanger apparatus encompasses adjusting a p-T operating point of the liquid at which the liquid is transformed into the solid aggregate state and forms a collimated and stable jet after being discharged from the nozzle into the vacuum chamber. Also disclosed are nozzle arrangements for producing solid filaments in a vacuum.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nozzle arrangement (1), in particular for the injection of a fluid into a vacuum chamber, with a nozzle channel with a predetermined internal contour, whereby the nozzle channel leads into an exit opening. It is proposed that the internal contour of the nozzle channel be shaped concavely at least in part.

Abstract: A liquid trap (10), in particular, for collecting liquids a vacuum device is described, with a trap container (11), which has an inner space (13) and an inflow element (13), through which liquid can enter from an outer space (20) of the liquid trap (10) into the inner space (12) of the trap container (11), whereby the inflow element (13) is formed by an inlet channel (15) in a wall (14) of the trap container (11) and the inlet channel (15) has an inner diameter (D) with D<2 mm and an inner length (L) with L<4 mm.

Abstract: A field emission cathode affording multiple emitting points, formed by a tiplicity of carbon fibers mounted on a conductive base, preferably in spaced clusters of about one thousand or more fibers, and projecting from the base to afford a multiplicity of emission points at the fiber tips. The fibers are in a range of diameters of about two to ten microns. As applied to an electron impact ion source for an instrument such as a mass spectrometer or molecular beam detector, the cathode is of annular configuration, incorporated in an electrode assembly comprising, radially inwardly of the assembly, the cathode, an extraction grid, a retardation grid and an ionization cage.