Abstract: Smoothing agents in the form of an aqueous emulsion for textile fibers, composed of oxidized polyethylene, a cationic emulsifier, and a lower carboxylic acid or hydroxy carboxylic acid, and optionally, other ingredients.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of quaternary ammonium compounds by reacting a compound having a terminal epoxy group with a tertiary amine which is partly present as the free amine and partly present in the form of a salt, followed by the addition of sufficient acid at the end of the reaction to complete salt formation of the quaternary ammonium compound.

Abstract: Sulfosuccinic acid derivatives having the formula: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl having from 1 to 16 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is alkyl having from 1 to 16 carbon atoms, and the sum of the carbon atoms in R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is from 9 to 16, R.sub.3 is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl, M.sub.1 and M.sub.2 are cations selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, ammonium, alkylammonium having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl and alkylolammonium having 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkylol and m is an integer from 1 to 10. These sulfosuccinic acid derivatives are useful as emulsifying agents, particularly in the production of freeze-stable emulsion polymers.

Abstract: Sulfosuccinic acid derivatives having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a member selected from the group consisting of: ##STR2## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are members selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl having from 1 to 16 carbon atoms, and the sum of the carbon atoms in R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is from from 9 to 16, R.sub.3 is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl, R.sub.4 is alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, M.sub.1 and M.sub.2 are cations selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, ammonium, alkylammonium having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl and alkylolammonium having 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkylol and m is an integer from 1 to 10. These sulfosuccinic acid derivatives are useful as emulsifying agents, particularly in the production of emulsion polymers.

Abstract: A smoothing agent for the treatment of textile fiber material comprising:(Ia) from 0 to 50% by weight of a higher fatty acid ester from a fatty acid and a monohydric alcohol,(Ib) from 0 to 50% by weight of a higher fatty acid ester from 1 mole of a polyhydric alcohol and more than one mole of a fatty acid,(IIa) from 0 to 50% by weight of a paraffin having a melting point range of 40.degree. to 60.degree. C.

Abstract: A substituted melamine additive being a mixture of the formula ##STR1## wherein the six R substituents represent the following: (a) 0 to 3 are hydrogen;(b) 1 to 5 are R'--OCH.sub.2 --, wherein R' is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms;(c) 1 to 4 are substituents selected from the group consisting of R.sup.2 OCH.sub.2 --, R.sup.2 COOCH.sub.2 --, R.sup.2 CONHCH.sub.2 --, mixtures thereof, wherein R.sup.2 is a hydrocarbon group having 8 to 28 carbon atoms, and(d) 0 to 2 are substituents selected from the group consisting of Z--CH.sub.2 --O--CH.sub.2 -- and Z--CH.sub.2 --, wherein Z is a melamine group of the formula ##STR2## The substituted melamine additives are useful as additives in molding compositions based on thermosetting condensation resins to improve the moldability of the composition.

Abstract: Hydroxysulfobetaines having the formula ##STR1## wherein Y represents two to five substituted nitrogens connected by --(CH.sub.2).sub.m -- groups, selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## WITH THE PROVISO THAT AT LEAST ONE OF Y is B); R.sub.1 is an alkyl and R.sub.2 is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl, where the sum of the carbon atoms in R.sub.1 + R.sub.2 is from 9 to 22; R.sub.3 is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyethyl and alkyl having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms; R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are individually members selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethyl and alkyl having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms; R.sub.7 is a member selected from the group consisting of ##STR3## and R.sub.4 ; X.sup..crclbar. is a member selected from the group consisting of --(CH.sub.2).sub.n -- SO.sub.3.sup..crclbar. and --CH.sub.2 -- CH(OH) -- CH.sub.2 -- SO.sub.3.sup..crclbar. ; m is an integer from 2 to 6; n is an integer from 1 to 4; (anion).sup..crclbar.

Abstract: Cationic textile agent compositions having improved cold water solubility consisting of from 99% to 70% by weight of at least one catonic textile brighening agent, a long-chain compound which contains basic salt-forming nitrogen atoms, and from 1% to 30% by weight of salt of the condensation product of a primary amine of the formulaR -- NH.sub.2wherein R is a member selected from the group consisting of alkyl having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, alkenyl having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, alkadienyl having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, and phenylalkyl having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl, with from 6 to 30 mols of an alkylene oxide selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide and mixtures of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, reacted at a temperature of from 40.degree. C to 100.degree.

Abstract: A smoothing agent for the treatment of textile fiber material comprising (I) from 5 to 20% by weight of a higher fatty acid ester, (II) from 13 to 35% by weight of a paraffin, (III) from 1 to 10% by weight of a higher fatty acid amidopolyamine, (IV) from 0 to 5% by weight of higher fatty acid alkanolamides, (V) from 0 to 5% by weight of a quaternary ammonium salt, (VI) from 0 to 5% by weight of a nonionic ethoxylate, (VII) from 0 to 1% by weight of a protective colloid, (VIII) from 0 to 10% by weight of a water-immiscible organic solvent, (IX) from 1 to 10% by weight of a lower carboxylic acid or lower hydroxycarboxylic acid, and (X) the remainder to 100% by weight of water.

Abstract: Antifoam compositions on the basis of an .alpha.-hydroxyamine derivative of the formula ##STR1## wherein A is --NHCO-- or --NHCONH--, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are H or alkyl having 1 to 22 carbon atoms and the sum of the carbon atoms in R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is from 8 to 22, and R.sub.3 is alkyl having 8 to 22 carbon atoms or hydroxyalkyl having 8 to 22 carbon atoms; as well as the process of controlling foam in a foamable liquid by introducing therein an antifoam effective amount of said .alpha.-hydroxyamine derivative. The antifoam .alpha.-hydroxyamine derivatives are effective antifoam agents for most industrial purposes and are suitable for use in oil and latex paints.

Abstract: Water-soluble quaternary ammonium compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each alkyl groups of C.sub.1-15 chain length wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in said groups is 9 to 18; R.sub.3 represents a C.sub.1-5 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group; R.sub.4 represents a C.sub.1-5 alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or benzyl group; R.sub.5 represents a benzyl group; and X represents a salt-forming anion, are effective retardant-levelling agents in the dyeing of anionic polyacrylonitrile fibers with basic (i.e. cationic) dyes.

Abstract: Water-soluble quaternary ammonium compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent H or an alkyl radical of C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 chain length wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is 9 to 20,R.sub.3 represents H, an alkyl radical of C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 chain length, a hydroxyalkyl radical of C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 chain length, or a benzyl group,R.sub.4 represents an alkyl radical of C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 chain length or a hydroxyalkyl radical of C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 chain length,R.sub.5 represents an alkyl radical of C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 chain length, a hydroxyalkyl radical of C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 chain length, or a benzyl group,R.sub.6 represents a benzyl group,m represents 2 to 6,p and q represent 0 to 4, wherein p + q = 1 to 4, andX.sup.(-) represents a salt forming anion,Are effective retarding-levelling agents in the dyeing of anionic polyacrylonitrile fibers with basic (i.e., cationic) dyes.

Abstract: Antifoam compositions on the basis of a bis-.alpha.-hydroxyamine derivative of the formula ##STR1## wherein A is --NHCO--R.sub.3 --CONH-- or --NHCONH--R.sub.3 --NHCONH--, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are H or alkyl having 1 to 22 carbon atoms and the sum of the carbon atoms in R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, in each case, is from 8 to 22,R.sub.3 is alkylene having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, phenylene, alkylphenylene having 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the alkyl or a polysiloxane of the formula ##STR2## WHERE N = 2 OR 3 AND P = 2 TO 20; AS WELL AS THE PROCESS OF CONTROLLING FOAM IN A FOAMABLE LIQUID BY INTRODUCING THEREIN AN ANTIFOAM EFFECTIVE AMOUNT OF SAID BIS-.alpha.-HYDROXYAMINE DERIVATIVE. The antifoam bis-.alpha.-hydroxyamine derivatives are effective antifoam agents for most industrial purposes and are suitable for use in oil and latex paints.