Abstract: A method and apparatus useful to sequester sensitive identifiable data from the data associated therewith and store this sensitive data in a shielded limited access structure while the associated data is periodically processed in a data center while concurrently scanned for potential malware/ransomware script. Once thus cleaned the data processed in the data center is then converted to a read only form and as thus converted brought to the limited access structure where it is screened once again for script tags and if none are found is then merged with the corresponding identifiable data to be printed and mailed. This repeated screening pass together with the periodic nature of the data center's operations combine to minimize all potential exposure to unwanted data contamination while the secured nature of the limited access structure can be used for secure long term storage.

Abstract: A method to secure file origination, access and updates between a sender and a receiver is provided.

Abstract: A layered double hydroxide (LDH) includes at least one intermediate layer, and MII surrounded by OH−, with replacement of the bivalent metal ions by MIII producing an excess of positive charge, balanced by anions An− in the intermediate layer, wherein MII dennotes a divalent metal ion or 2 LI, MIII dennotes a trivalent metal ion. The LDH can be used in mixtures and preparations such as auxiliary materials, additives, seeds, seedlings, or propagation materials. Also it is possible to use the LDH in a method of nitrate removal in purification of water.

Abstract: Minerals that reversibly fix ions, in particular NO3—, i.e. that can exchange one anion for another anion can be used as fertilizers and soil conditioners, as well as for the purification and treatment of water, particularly for the elimination of nitrate. The minerals used are preferably natural or synthetic mixed value metal-metal-hydroxyl salts, e.g. layered double hydroxides (LDHs) that contain exchangeable fixed anions in the intermediary layers. A method for producing anion-exchanging minerals, particularly suitable LDHs, and their use as fertilizers and soil conditioners and for the purification and treatment of water.

Abstract: In screw connections with countersunk screws, certain tolerances are common for the supporting faces of the screw head and also of the counterbore. To make obtaining a precisely defined prestress of the screw connection possible, the formerly known methods are not sufficient since, due to the usual tolerances, too large a variation of the prestress occurs. This invention proposes a contact surface (15), almost linear in a peripheral direction, such as between the countersunk screw (1) and the counterbore (7). Thereby the divergence of the operative radius of the screw head friction and the screw head deformation, in the tolerances usual for mass production, are kept within the narrowest possible limits. It is thus possible to guarantee a precisely defined prestress of the screw connection with known tightening methods.

Abstract: To provide control of a vehicle engine computer from a segmental disk transducer by indicating a specific marker angular position of the crankshaft, to, characterize a specific cylinder in a multi-cylinder engine, the disk (1) has uniformly spaced segments (10, 20, 30, 40) thereon, the number of segments corresponding to the number of cylinders; one of the segments is foreshortened, so that the passage of the leading flank (11) thereof past a stationary pick-up transducer (2) will occur at a time later than that of the leading edges or flanks (21, 31, 41) of the remaining segments. The trailing flanks (12, 22, 32, 42) of all the segments are identical, and signals derived by processing the trailing flanks can be used to obtain speed signals; by processing the leading flanks, interrupt signals are applied to an interrupt input (3f) of a vehicle computer (3) to initiate a subroutine or subprogram.

Abstract: An apparatus including a computer for generating a time duration signal is proposed, intended in particular for controlling fuel metering or ignition processes in internal combustion engines, wherein the time duration signal is formed in accordance with the formulati=(R+K.multidot.Z)/fclwhere Z is the counting range of a counter associated with the computer, k is the number of counting processes, fcl is the counting frequency and R is a remainder value. In accordance with the above formula, the counter first counts downward from this remainder value R and then, for a desired number k of counting processes, runs through the total counting range. In the case of an 8-bit counter, for instance, this counting range value is 256.

Abstract: In the case of sensors having a characteristic for which the offset in the quiescent condition has a first temperature coefficient and the slope of the characteristic has a second temperature coefficient, while the quotient of the offset and slope coefficients is approximately constant, a point can be determined in which the characteristics for different temperatures (T) intercept. A temperature corrected measurement value can be determined, preferably with a microcomputer, from the sensor signal, the coordinates of the above-described intersection point, the sensor temperature and the temperature coefficient either of the offset or of the slope.

Abstract: A device for reducing slip of drive wheels of a motor vehicle having a turbo charged internal combustion engine includes a charger control unit which controls or regulates the charged air in dependency on at least rotary speed of the engine and in addition on information about the shifted gear in the transmission of the vehicle. For each gear change a maximum permissible time change of rotary speed or in dependency on the rotary speed a maximum permissible charge air pressure is determined experimentally and the latter values are stored in a storing device. By comparing the stored values with the actual values an optimum acceleration of the engine can be obtained. By a simultaneous adjustment of the ignition time point or of the amount of supplied fuel the speed of response of the entire arrangement is further increased.

Abstract: To place the maximum combustion pressure, which occurs upon ignition, after the piston of an internal combustion engine (ICE) has passed upper dead-center (UDC) position upon starting, a predetermined time interval (Ti) is subtracted from the expected time the piston reaches UDC position, as determined by the time taken for a predetermined angular distance of the crankshaft to rotate; the time between the predetermined angular distances is extrapolated to determine the projected, or expected time of the UDC position. The predetermined time interval (Ti), which may be made dependent upon engine temperature, is then subtracted and the actual firing time computed, for example by counting-out in a counter the differential time interval determined by the subtraction. The timing intervals are preferably derived from a segmental marker system (20,21; A1,A2), in a counter (1), the extrapolation carried out in a multiplier (2) and the subtracting in a subtraction circuit (3).

Abstract: Injection control pulses after starting the engine are multiplied by a fuel enrichment factor A.sub.1 depending on operational temperature and rotary speed of the engine. The time derivative -A/t of the enrichment factor is kept constant up to a predetermined rotary speed limit. When the speed limit is exceeded, the time derivative increases proportionally with the rotary speed increase. In this manner faster warm-up of the engine due to higher speeds influences the fuel enrichment phase.

Abstract: The destination of commands provided by a microcomputer to an input-output unit over a data bus is provided without an address bus, while a control circuit in the input-output unit is connected with the microcomputer by connections for only three binary signals in one direction, "clear", chip-select and data strobe and one in the other, namely interrupt. The control circuit has a decoder connected to the data bus that sorts out the commands, feeding the outputs through a gate array that are enabled by the chip-select and data strobe signals for timing. Commands for switching, such as beginning and ending counts, and so on are one-byte commands directly transmitted to the appropriate circuits of the input-output. Read and write commands are two-byte commands sequenced by a sequencing and lockout circuit, the circuit selected in first byte being activated to read or write to or from the data bus in the second byte while the decoder is blocked.

Abstract: To reduce the data processing requirements within operating cycles of an automotive-type microprocessor or computer, the input/output unit has an angle increment counter receiving angle increment signals synchronized with rotation of the crankshaft of the engine, the counter providing output signals to comparators which, when the count state reaches predetermined values as applied from a data bus, derived from the microprocessor, to the comparator, then provides output signals to control the engine, for example by providing ignition control output signals, fuel injection control output signals, or the like.

Abstract: A voltage-frequency converter having a chargeable and dischargeable memory, a comparator circuit and a subsequent multivibrator, wherein the charging and/or discharging signal for the memory is obtained from special signal sources. At constant charging and discharging signals, a linear voltage-frequency conversion is provided. In the case of variable charging or discharging voltages, non-linear signal conversions are possible. The multivibrator may be a digital monostable multivibrator, to effect precise, reproducible and quantifiable period durations in the output signal of the converter, and thus a very precise voltage-frequency conversion.

Abstract: An input-output unit carries out some of the operations previously carried out in the microcomputer controlling the ignition, injection, etc. processes so that the number of bits in the microprocessor can be reduced. The input-output unit includes a counter which furnishes speed-dependent or angle-dependent signals. During a predetermined angle of rotation or while a particular speed-dependent value is counted and down, a frequency proportional to the quantity of air in the air inlet is counted, the resultant air number transferred to the microprocessor where it is modified. The modified air number can be counted down in the same counter which was used to count down the speed-dependent signals. The time required for counting down the modified air number determines the injection time and/or the closing time for an electronic switch in the primary circuit of the ignition coil.