Abstract: A system for fluidizing and conveying a powdery product is provided. The system includes plurality of powder-locking and metering vessels, the vessels each having a conveying line for the powdery product and a control mechanism for the mass flow of the powdery product. The conveying lines are brought together to form a common conveying line and are supplied to a remover of the powdery product. The powder-locking and metering vessels are alternatively fed with the powdery product and tensioned with the fluidizing gas under operating pressure. The control mechanisms of the powder-locking and metering vessels are activated in such a manner that the mass flow sum of powdery product in the conveying lines is identical to the desired value for the mass flow of powdery product to the remover of the powdery product.

Abstract: A burner is provided for gasifying powdered fuel with a free oxygen-containing oxidant at temperatures up to 1900° C. and pressures up to 10 MPa. The burner includes a powder burner part having an oxidant channel and a powdered fuel channel, and a central pilot burner part. An annular channel for the outflow of an inert medium is arranged at the burner mouth between the pilot burner part and the powder burner part.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for circulating process waters from plants of dust-pressure or entrained-flow gasification of solid and liquid fuels are provided, wherein process waters are separated from solids or reduced in their solids content by a pressure filtration unit under process pressure and returned to consumer loads, such as raw gas quenching processes and scrubbing processes.

Abstract: In a reactor for the gasification of solid and liquid fuels in the entrained flow at temperatures between 1200 and 1900° C. and pressures between ambient pressure and 10 MPa with an oxidizing agent containing free oxygen, the cooling screen is connected in a gas-tight manner to the pressure shell via a bellows compensator to accommodate linear deformation. Continuous sweeping by gas of the annular gap between pressure shell and cooling screen is unnecessary and backflow by producer gas is prevented.

Abstract: In a reactor for gasification of entrained solid and liquid fuels at temperatures between 1,200 and 1,900° C. and at pressures between ambient pressure and 10 MPa using an oxidizing agent containing free oxygen, the cooling screen is connected to the pressure shell in a gastight manner via a sliding seal in order to allow length changes. Continuous gas purging of the annular gap between pressure shell and cooling screen is unnecessary and gasification gas is prevented from flowing behind.

Abstract: An apparatus for constant feeding of pulverized fuels at ambient or elevated pressure having a fixed restrictor device in the pulverized fuel conveyor line connecting a metering vessel to a pulverized fuel consumer is provided. The restrictor device effects a compensation and also attenuation of pressure fluctuations such as occur in the pulverized fuel conveyor line, in particular during operations to replenish the metering vessel. Special embodiments relate to a further equalization by means of injections of auxiliary gas into the pulverized fuel conveyor line.

Abstract: An apparatus for constantly supplying pulverized fuel at ambient or increased pressure includes a restrictable pulverized fuel control valve in the pulverized fuel feed line connecting the swirl layer of a dispensing vessel with a pulverized fuel collector is provided. This pulverized fuel control valve effects a compensation for and also attenuation of the pressure fluctuations, as occur in the pulverized fuel feed line, particularly during refill processes of the dispensing vessel. Special embodiments relate to a further homogenization by a fixed throttle facility and also auxiliary gas feeds into the pulverized fuel feed line.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for gasifying combustible dusts in an entrained flow gasifier with several gasification burners. Each gasification burner is associated with one or a plurality of lock hopper and dosing systems having a plurality of supply flows. This has the advantage that the burners will continue to operate in the event of a failure of one supply flow.

Abstract: A method and device for cooling hot crude gas and slag from entrained flow gasification of liquid and solid combustibles at crude gas temperatures ranging from 1,200 to 1,800° C. and at pressures of up to 80 bar in a cooling chamber disposed downstream of the gasification reactor by injecting water. The cooling water is distributed, with a first portion being finely dispersed into to cooling chamber and a second portion being fed at the bottom into an annular gap provided between the pressure-carrying tank wall and an incorporated metal apron for protecting said pressure-carrying tank wall. The second portion of the cooling water flows upward in the annular gap and trickles down the inner side of the metal apron in the form of a water film.

Abstract: Disclosed is a burner for oxidant gasification of pulverized fuels under high pressures, e.g. 80 bar, and temperatures, e.g. 1200 to 1900° C., in reactors with liquid slag removal for oxygen gasification. The individual pulverized coal supply tubes in the burner are inclined toward the burner axis in the direction of the burner mouth, are implemented equiareally from the burner inlet up to the burner outlet, and end at the burner mouth adjacent to the oxidant outlet. Owing to the pulverized fuel feeding elements being implemented right up to the burner mouth and the instantaneous entry of the pulverized coal into the rotating oxygen stream there is no longer any areal discontinuity at the dust outlet, since here the pulverized coal stream is immediately sucked into the oxidant stream. At the outlet of the media the individual pulverized coal streams merge into a single rotating pulverized coal/oxygen stream, thereby achieving an even flame spread and stabilization.

Abstract: While ensuring technical safety and a short start-up time the invention permits the operation of autothermic partial oxidation of fuels processed into pulverized fuel such as lignite and bituminous coals, petroleum cokes, solid grindable carbon-containing residues, as well as solid-liquid suspensions or slurries, with a gasification agent containing oxygen at operating pressures of up to 8 MPa (80 bar). The selective configuration of the fail-safe monitoring of the gasification process only the supply of the main fuel is cut off. Through the continued operation of the pilot and ignition burner the reactor is kept at operating pressure and after the fault has been rectified fuel gasification can be restarted with the pilot and ignition burner without a complicated placement and pulling of a starter burner and subsequent pressurization of the reactors.

Abstract: An entrained flow gasifier designed as a component for an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle plant of optimized efficiency is provided. The raw gas initially flows through a waste heat unit designed as a radiation cooler and subsequently flows through a full water quench. This results in a higher ratio of steam in the raw gas, which decreases the medium-pressure steam supply before the water-gas shift and thus improves efficiency in IGCC plants with CO2 separation.

Abstract: An oil/slurry burner with injection atomization for the gasification of solids-containing liquid fuels under high pressures of e.g. 80 bar (8 MPa) and high temperatures of e.g. 1200 to 1900 degrees centigrade in reactors with liquid slag removal is proposed, wherein a plurality of feeding elements disposed outside the annular duct concentrically with respect to the burner axis are provided for introducing liquid fuel and atomizing agent, the individual feeding elements being implemented intrinsically straight in the burner, inclined to the burner axis in the direction of the burner mouth, and ending at the burner mouth adjacent to the oxidant outlet. By introducing the liquid fuel and atomizing agent in individual completely implemented tubes with a corresponding nozzle, different fuels can be supplied simultaneously via the individual feeds and converted in a flame reaction.

Abstract: A method and device for the gasification of solid fuels such as bituminous coals, and cokes such as those from bituminous coals, lignite coals, and biomasses, as well as petroleum cokes, that are ground fine and mixed with water or oil to obtain fuel-in-liquid suspensions, so-called slurries, and their gasification together with an oxidizing medium containing free oxygen, by partial oxidation at pressures between atmospheric pressure and 100 bar, and at temperatures between 1200 and 1900° C. in an entrained flow reactor. The method includes slurry preparation and infeed to the reactor, gasification in an entrained flow reactor with cooled reaction chamber contour, full quenching of the crude gas to saturation temperature that may be 180-260° C. depending on the gasification pressure, and wet or dry dust separation. The crude gas is pretreated so that it can be fed to further technological steps such as crude gas conversion, H2S and CO2 removal, and synthesis.

Abstract: An entrained bed gasifier for operation with particulate or liquid fuels is provided. A reaction chamber defined by a cold screen and a quenching chamber connected to the reaction chamber using a crude gas and slag outlet, wherein at least the cold screen is enclosed by a pressure-resistant pressure mantle. The annular gap between the cold screen and pressure jacket may be filled with a fluid, for example, water or heat transfer oil. A rough pressure equalization between the gasification chamber and the annual gap may be guaranteed using a connection between the annular gap and the quenching chamber or the crude gas line, hence the pressure in the gasification chamber normally remains slightly higher than in the inner water jacket.

Abstract: The invention comprises a combination burner for the gasification of pulverized fuels with an oxidation means containing free oxygen at ambient or higher pressures, as well as temperatures between 800-1800° C., with the ignition device of the pilot burner with flame monitoring and the pulverized fuel burner being integrated as a combination burner and all operating channels being routed separately from each other up to the mouth of the burner and the media carried by the channels only being mixed at the mouth of the burner. When the pilot burner is dismantled the eddy bodies 14 attached to its sleeve in the main burner oxidation means supply 17 can be exchanged quickly and easily and thus the main burner flame adapted in the optimum way to the reaction chamber contour of the reactor.

Abstract: A method for gasification of fuel in an entrained flow of a gasification reactor. The method includes jointly gasifying a mixture of at least two different fuels having different degrees of coalification, including those of differing coal qualities such as brown coals and stone coals. The method also includes pulverizing the coals forming the mixture in specific grain bands and drying the coals forming the mixture to a specific residual water content.

Abstract: An entrained bed gasifier for operation with particulate or liquid fuels is provided. A reaction chamber defined by a cold screen and a quenching chamber connected to the reaction chamber using a crude gas and slag outlet, wherein at least the cold screen is enclosed by a pressure-resistant pressure mantle. The annular gap between the cold screen and pressure jacket may be filled with a fluid, for example, water or heat transfer oil. A rough pressure equalization between the gasification chamber and the annual gap may be guaranteed using a connection between the annular gap and the quenching chamber or the crude gas line, hence the pressure in the gasification chamber normally remains slightly higher than in the inner water jacket.

Abstract: A method for producing electric energy from solid and liquid fuels is provided. The fuels are first subjected to a gasification process at high pressure, and the scrubbed gasification gas is fed to a gas and steam turbine process. The combustion of the scrubbed gasification gas in the gas turbine chamber does not occur with air, but with a mixture made of the three components oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor. As a result, the waste gas of the gas turbine is made only of carbon dioxide and water vapor. After the condensation thereof, technically pure carbon dioxide remains, which can be dissipated by storage in the deep substrate of the atmosphere.

Abstract: A method and device for the gasification of solid fuels such as bituminous coal, lignite coal, and petroleum coke in the flue stream with an oxidizing medium containing free oxygen, by partial oxidation at pressures between atmospheric pressure and 80 bar and at temperatures between 1,200 and 1,900 degrees. The fuel is gasified by pneumatic metering of pulverized fuel, gasification reaction in a reactor with cooled reactor chamber contour, quencher cooling, crude gas scrubbing, and partial condensation.