Abstract: The invention concerns a phase contrast X-ray device for creating a phase contrast image of at least one object with at least one X-ray source for generating an X-radiation that has a specific spatial coherence within a specific optical distance to the X-ray source and at least one evaluation unit for converting the X-radiation after the X-radiation has passed through the object arranged within the optical distance to the X-ray source in the phase contrast image of the object. The X-ray source has an output ranging from 50 W up to and including 10 kW and a spatial coherence length of the X-radiation has been selected within the optical distance to the X-ray source ranging from 0.05 ?m.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for generating calibration signals for calibrating spatially remote signal branches of antenna systems. In accordance with the invention, a base signal is generated by mean of a timer and is fed to a distributor unit for distribution of the base signal to amplifier circuits on the signal distribution lines respectively allocated to them. At the output of the amplifier circuits, a calibration signal is generated respectively via amplification of the base signal within a specifiable upper amplitude limit and a specifiable lower amplitude limit, which is fed to the respective feed-in point of the signal branch to be calibrated that is allocated to an amplifier circuit.

Abstract: The use of an antibody directed against the cellular membrane antigen EpCAM for the production of a pharmaceutical preparation for the prophyactic and/or therapeutic active immunization against cancer is provided whereby the antibody is in an amount of 1 ng to 9 ?g.

Abstract: The invention relates to components made of steel, more particularly outer joint parts and inner joint parts of constant velocity joints, and to a process of heat treating such components made of steel. The heat treatment operation includes the process stages of nitriding, induction surface layer hardening and tempering, which processes follow one another. As a result of the nitriding operation, the joint parts are provided with a surface layer (15) including nitrides and a diffusion layer (18) positioned thereunderneath. The subsequent induction hardening process causes the diffusion layer (18) to be hardened, so that it comprises good supporting characteristics for supporting the surface layer (15) positioned above same.

Abstract: The invention relates to an immunogenic antibody which comprises at least two different epitopes of a tumor-associated antigen.

Abstract: The invention relates to components made of steel, more particularly outer joint parts and inner joint parts of constant velocity joints, and to a process of heat treating such components made of steel. The heat treatment operation includes the process stages of nitriding, induction surface layer hardening and tempering, which processes follow one another. As a result of the nitriding operation, the joint parts are provided with a surface layer (15) including nitrides and a diffusion layer (18) positioned thereunderneath. The subsequent induction hardening process causes the diffusion layer (18) to be hardened, so that it comprises good supporting characteristics for supporting the surface layer (15) positioned above same.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for generating calibration signals for calibrating spatially remote signal branches of antenna systems. In accordance with the invention, a base signal is generated by mean of a timer and is fed to a distributor unit for distribution of the base signal to amplifier circuits on the signal distribution lines respectively allocated to them. At the output of the amplifier circuits, a calibration signal is generated respectively via amplification of the base signal within a specifiable upper amplitude limit and a specifiable lower amplitude limit, which is fed to the respective feed-in point of the signal branch to be calibrated that is allocated to an amplifier circuit.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of producing an autologous-antibody-containing vaccine, which method is characterized by the following steps:

Abstract: The invention concerns a phase contrast X-ray device (1) for creating a phase contrast image of at least one object (4) with at least one X-ray source (2) for generating an X-radiation that has a specific spatial coherence (14) within a specific optical distance (6) to the X-ray source and at least one evaluation unit (16) for converting the X-radiation after the X-radiation has passed through the object arranged within the optical distance to the X-ray source in the phase contrast image of the object. The phase contrast X-ray device is characterized in that the X-ray source has an output ranging from 50 W up to and including 10 kW and a spatial coherence length of the X-radiation has been selected within the optical distance to the X-ray source ranging from 0,05 &mgr;m. This is obtained by using an X-ray source with line-shaped focus (7) and/or by monochromating the X-radiation by using a gradient multilayer reflector (20).

Abstract: A method for determining a frequency of a signal includes transforming the analog signal to the complex frequency range through a digital filtering, preferably a FFT, so that result vectors with amplitude and phase components are generated in the frequency range. As a result, a continuous sequence of transformation intervals (FFT intervals) develops within a measuring interval that can be predetermined. Subsequently, pairs of result vectors, which belong to the same predetermined frequency, are selected from predetermined transformation intervals (FFT intervals). Associated phase differences are then formed from which a weighted phase difference is determined. The weighted phase difference is used to correct the signal frequency determined from the amplitude spectrum. This method permits very accurate frequency measuring, especially for pulsed HF signals.

Abstract: A direction-finding method for determining an incident angle of a high-frequency electromagnetic signal in a system including at least two receiving antennas spaced apart by a known distance. the antenna output signals of the at least two receiving antennas are converted, together (in accordance with a multiplexing procedure) or individually, into the frequency domain through a Fourier transformation, followed by a conversion into an IF range and an A/D conversion. In this range, the phase difference between the output signals is determined and the signal frequency of the incident wave is determined through a phase-sequence analysis. The incident angle of the incident wave is determined from the phase difference and the signal frequency.

Abstract: An X-ray analysis apparatus having a curved paraboloid-shaped curved graded multilayer Bragg reflector (5) is characterized in that the layers of the reflector (5) are directly introduced onto a concave curved surface of a paraboloid-shaped hollow substrate and a maximum allowable shape deviation for the concave substrate surface facing the reflector is &Dgr;p={square root over (2px)} &Dgr;&thgr;R, and having a maximum allowable waviness Δ ⁢   ⁢ y Δ ⁢   ⁢ x = 1 2 ⁢ Δθ R and a maximum allowable roughness &Dgr;y=d/2&pgr;, preferentially &Dgr;y≦0.

Abstract: A direction-finding method for determining an incident angle of a high-frequency electromagnetic signal in a system including at least two receiving antennas spaced apart by a known distance. the antenna output signals of the at least two receiving antennas are converted, together (in accordance with a multiplexing procedure) or individually, into the frequency domain through a Fourier transformation, followed by a conversion into an IF range and an A/D conversion. In this range, the phase difference between the output signals is determined and the signal frequency of the incident wave is determined through a phase-sequence analysis. The incident angle of the incident wave is determined from the phase difference and the signal frequency.

Abstract: An X-ray generator has an anode formed by an electrically conductive fluid having a flat surface on which focused electrons are incident, so that X-rays are generated at a solid angle with respect to the surface, with .alpha..sub.2C being the critical angle of total reflection. For enhancing the spectral brilliance of the X-rays, a method and apparatus are disclosed wherein X-rays at a specific angle .alpha..sub.2 are tapped (the "tap angle"), with .alpha..sub.2 satisfying the condition .alpha..sub.2C <.alpha..sub.2 <3.alpha..sub.2C.

Abstract: A radar receiver and, more particularly, a radar receiver of the type which is utilized in connection with a frequency-modulated, continuous-signal radar apparatus. The radar receiver, in the receiving channel thereof, is provided with a high-pass filter of the second order which is only operated in the linear characteristic curves range, thus acting as an R.sup.4 -filter and which is connected in front of a demodulating rectifier, or in essence, an analog-digital quantitizer.

Abstract: A method for orienting a radar installation which possesses an at least approximatingly axial-symmetrical antenna radiation or beam characteristic towards a target. The radar beam which is emitted by the radar installation is reflected or scattered back at the target and the backscattered radar beam is evaluated or plotted in a measurement evaluating device of the radar installation for purposes of determining or identifying the target. Employed is a target with three target elements which are arranged in the corners of an at least approximately equilateral triangle, the centerpoint of which corresponds to the desired target point, in which there is effected a separating of the three radar signals which are reflected or scattered back by the three target elements, and that from the values of the amplitudes of the three backscattered radar signals, through the utilization of the measurement evaluating circuit, there is determined the position of the target point which is located between the target elements.