Abstract: A cubic liquid crystal composition comprising at least one amphiphilic compound having the following general formula (1) and having an IV/OV value of 0.65 to 0.95, and water or an aqueous medium: wherein R represents a hydrophilic group; X and Y each independently represent a hydrogen atom or together form an oxygen atom; n is an integer of 0 to 4; and m is an integer of 0 to 3.

Abstract: A cubic liquid crystal composition comprising at least one amphiphilic compound having the following general formula (1) and having an IV/OV value of 0.65 to 0.95, and water or an aqueous medium: wherein R represents a hydrophilic group; X and Y each independently represent a hydrogen atom or together form an oxygen atom; n is an integer of 0 to 4; and m is an integer of 0 to 3.

Abstract: A pyridine alcohol derivative represented by General Formula III (where A represents a divalent organic group which may contain one to three oxygen atoms, nitrogen atoms and/or sulfur atoms, wherein A may form a 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-membered ring together with two bonded carbon atoms, where said ring may form a condensed ring with one or more additional rings; R6 represents a hydrogen atom, —CHR1R2, or an alkenyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group which may be substituted; R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group which may be substituted; and R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group which may be substituted), is produced by: reacting a pyridine ester derivative represented by General Formula I-1

Abstract: A pyridine alcohol derivative represented by General Formula III 1

Abstract: A pyridine alcohol derivative represented by General Formula III (where A represents a divalent organic group which may contain one to three oxygen atoms, nitrogen atoms and/or sulfur atoms, wherein A may form a 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-membered ring together with two bonded carbon atoms, where said ring may form a condensed ring with one or more additional rings; R5 represents a hydrogen atom, —CHR1R2, or an alkenyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group which may be substituted; R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group which may be substituted; and R6 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group which may be substituted), is produced by: reacting a pyridine ester derivative represented by General Formula I-1  (where Z1 represents —COX; X represents an alkoxyl group, an alkenyloxy group, an aryloxy group or an aralkyloxy group which may be substituted; and A is the same as a

Abstract: According to the present invention, provided are (1) a process for the preparation of 2-chloro-5-chloromethyl-1,3-thiazole, by reacting 3- chloro-1-isothiocyanato-1-propene with a chlorinating agent, (2) a process for the preparation of 3-chloro-1-isocyanato-1-propene, by rearranging 3-chloro-1-thiocyanato-2-propene in the presence of a salt of one or more than one metal selected from the group consisting of metals belonging to Group 2A, Group 7A, Group 8 and Group 1B of the long-form periodic table, and (3) a process for the preparation of 3-chloro-1-thiocyanato-2-propene, by reacting 1,3-dichloropropene and a thiocyanate salt (a) in the presence of water, (b) in the presence of an organic solvent which is water-soluble and has a boiling point of 150° C. or lower, or (c) in an organic solvent in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst.

Abstract: According to the present invention, provided are (1) a process for the preparation of 2-chloro-5-chloromethyl-1,3-thiazole, by reacting 3-chloro-1-isothiocyanato-1-propene with a chlorinating agent, (2) a process for the preparation of 3-chloro-1-isocyanato-1-propene, by rearranging 3-chloro-1-thiocyanato-2-propene in the presence of a salt of one or more than one metal selected from the group consisting of metals belonging to Group 2A, Group 7A, Group 8 and Group 1B of the long-form periodic table, and (3) a process for the preparation of 3-chloro-1-thiocyanato-2-propene, by reacting 1,3-dichloropropene and a thiocyanate salt (a) in the presence of water, (b) in the presence of an organic solvent which is water-soluble and has a boiling point of 150° C. or lower, or (c) in an organic solvent in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst.

Abstract: A cyclopropylacetylene derivative of the formula (V): is prepared by reacting a propynol derivative of the formula (I): with a propane derivative of the formula (VI): in the presence of a base in an amount of 2 or more equivalents relative to the propynol derivative to give a cyclopropane derivative of the formula (III): deprotecting the protecting group for the hydroxyl group of the cyclopropane derivative to give a cyclopropylpropynol derivative of the formula (IV): and subjecting the cyclopropylpropynol derivative to retro-ethynylation. In the above formulas R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 represent hydrogen; or an alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl group, each of which may have a substituent, R6 and R7 is hydrogen; or an alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl group, each of which may have a substituent, or R6 and R7 taken together form a ring, R8 is a protecting group for the hydroxyl group and X and Y are each a leaving group.

Abstract: A process for preparing halogenopyridine derivatives represented by the general formula (II) ##STR1## wherein X and Y each independently represent a halogen atom, comprises reacting a halogeno-2-sulfonylpyridine derivative represented by the general formula (I) ##STR2## wherein X is as defined above and R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group etc., with a halogenating agent.The halogenopyridine derivatives can be produced with high purity and in a simple and easy and industrially advantageous manner.

Abstract: A pyridine alcohol derivative represented by General Formula III ##STR1## (where A represents a divalent organic group which may contain one to three oxygen atoms, nitrogen atoms and/or sulfur atoms, wherein A may form a 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-membered ring together with two bonded carbon atoms, where said ring may form a condensed ring with one or more additional rings; R.sup.5 represents a hydrogen atom, --CHR.sup.1 R.sup.2, or an alkenyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group which may be substituted; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group which may be substituted; and R.sup.6 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group which may be substituted), is produced by:reacting a pyridine ester derivative represented by General Formula I-1 ##STR2## (where Z.sup.

Abstract: According to the present invention, provided are(1) a process for the preparation of 2-chloro-5-chloromethyl-1,3-thiazole, by reacting 3-chloro-1-isothiocyanato-1-propene with a chlorinating agent,(2) a process for the preparation of 3-chloro-1-isocyanato-1-propene, by rearranging 3-chloro-1-thiocyanato-2-propene in the presence of a salt of one or more than one metal selected from the group consisting of metals belonging to Group 2A, Group 7A, Group 8 and Group 1B of the long-form periodic table, and(3) a process for the preparation of 3-chloro-1-thiocyanato-2-propene, by reacting 1,3-dichloropropene and a thiocyanate salt(a) in the presence of water,(b) in the presence of an organic solvent which is water-soluble and has a boiling point of 150.degree. C. or lower, or(c) in an organic solvent in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst.

Abstract: A method for producing bromomethylcyclopropane is provided, comprising reacting an organic sulfonyl halide with cyclopropylmethanol in the presence of a tertiary amine in a non-protic solvent, to generate cyclopropylmethyl organic sulfonate, and reacting the resulting cyclopropylmethyl organic sulfonate with an alkali metal bromide and/or a quaternary ammonium bromide in a non-protic polar solvent.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a process for the preparation of a cyclopropylacetylene derivative represented by the following formula (III): ##STR1## is provided, which comprises reacting a cyclopropylacrylic acid derivative represented by the following formula (I): ##STR2## with a halogenating agent to obtain a halogenocyclopropylpropionic acid derivative represented by the following formula (II): ##STR3## and reacting the halogenocyclopropylpropionic acid derivative with a base.

Abstract: According to the present invention, provided are(1) a process for the preparation of 2-chloro-5-chloromethyl-1,3-thiazole, by reacting 3-chloro-1-isothiocyanato-1-propene with a chlorinating agent,(2) a process for the preparation of 3-chloro-1-isocyanato-1-propene, by rearranging 3-chloro-1-thiocyanato-2-propene in the presence of a salt of one or more than one metal selected from the group consisting of metals belonging to Group 2A, Group 7A, Group 8 and Group 1B of the long-form periodic table, and(3) a process for the preparation of 3-chloro-1-thiocyanato-2-propene, by reacting 1,3-dichloropropene and a thiocyanate salt(a) in the presence of water,(b) in the presence of an organic solvent which is water-soluble and has a boiling point of 150.degree. C. or lower, or(c) in an organic solvent in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst.

Abstract: A process for producing an optically active olefin represented by a formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents an organic group and X represents a polycyclic carbon ring group, by reacting a corresponding optically active ester derivative represented by a formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 and X are as defined above and R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkoxy group, an alkenyloxy group or a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyloxy group, with formic acid or a salt thereof in the presence of a catalyst comprising a palladium salt and a tertiary phosphine.Said process makes it possible to produce, at a high yield at a high selectivity, an optically active olefin which has a physiological activity and is useful as a medicine or is useful as an intermediate for the synthesis of physiologically active steroids. Further, said process uses no harmful reagent such as mercury or the like. Thus, it is advantageous as an industrial process.

Abstract: 1-amino-2-cyclohexene compounds represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein the substituents are as defined in the specification, a process for preparing the compounds and their use as intermediates in the production of medicinal and agricultural agents is disclosed.

Abstract: Novel terpene amino alcohols having an antiallergic activity or an activity of improving cerebral function are provided. Also provided are medicinal uses of the alcohols.

Abstract: Cyclohexanetriol derivatives represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are the same or different, and each denotes a hydrogen atom or a protecting group of a hydroxyl group,X denotes an oxygen atom, .dbd.CHCH.sub.2 OR.sup.4, .dbd.CHCHO or .dbd.CHCO.sub.2 R.sup.5, Y denotes a hydrogen atom and Z denotes --OR.sup.6, or Y and Z together form a single bond; or X and Z together form .dbd.NO--, .dbd.CHCH(OR.sup.7)O-- or .dbd.CHCO.sub.2 -- and Y is a hydrogen atom, R.sup.4 and R.sup.6 denote a hydrogen atom or a protecting group of a hydroxyl group respectively, R.sup.5 denotes a lower alkyl group, and R.sup.7 denotes a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group.Said derivatives are useful as synthetic intermediates of 1-hydroxyvitamin D derivatives.

Abstract: Novel terpene amino alcohols having an antiallergic activity or an activity of improving cerebral function are provided. Also provided are medicinal uses of the alcohols.

Abstract: Novel terpene amino alcohols having an antiallergic activity or an activity of improving cerebral function are provided. Also provided are medicinal uses of the alcohols.