Abstract: A controller for controlling an internal combustion engine of a vehicle is disclosed. The controller includes at least one real-time dynamic computational model of at least a part of the internal combustion engine, at least one offline optimized set-point as a first input to the computational model, at least one physical engine sensor input as a second input to the computational model, and a real-time optimizer configured to adjust at least one engine control signal on the basis of at least one output of the computational model in such a way that a deviation from a set-point is at least decreased.

Abstract: A method to operate an electronic controlled internal combustion engine to perform on board NOx emissions level diagnostics. In one embodiment, the method may include operating the engine to maintain a predetermined temperature for a predetermined period of time, determining whether the engine operating status is stable for one of cruise control, idle engine speed, engine torque, or high idle regeneration for a predetermined period of time, cycling the EGR valve between a first position for a predetermined period of time and then in a second position for a predetermined period of time, a determining a change in engine out NOx levels to determine whether an engine component or system is malfunctioning.

Abstract: A method to diagnose exhaust system malfunction in an electronically controlled internal combustion engine having an exhaust system and including a Selective Catalyst Reducer (SCR) is disclosed. The method may comprise determining ambient barometric pressure; determining a baseline curve of exhaust flow; and monitoring said exhaust flow rate for changes in exhaust flow rate compared to change of exhaust pressure across the SCR to diagnose exhaust system malfunction.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine controller having at least one forward engine model, at least one inverse control model that employs at least one neural network, at least one physical engine sensor input, at least one predetermined control input and at least one output, wherein the inverse modeling determines and calculates the at least one control input.

Abstract: A method for diagnosing slow EGR response in an internal combustion engine equipped with an electronic controller with memory, comprising: determining an actual EGR gradient; determining an expected EGR gradient comparing the expected EGR gradient to the actual EGR gradient determining the expected EGR gradient is greater that the actual EGR gradient and logging a fault in the electronic controller if the expected EGR gradient is greater than the actual EGR gradient, and optionally activating a warning to alert the operator of the logging event.

Abstract: A method to estimate real-time exhaust pressure in a compression ignition engine with variable geometry turbocharger and an EGR by adding the turbocharger RPM, the engine RPM, EGR value position and intake manifold pressure to determine a final turbocharger turbine inlet pressure to control NOx emissions.

Abstract: A real-time, on board, diesel engine emissions estimation with an empirical, table-based approach that accounts for up to eight (8) input parameters, for optimum emissions estimation under steady state or transient engine operation. The method considers a steady state NOx model, steady state Particulate Matter model, transient NOx model and transient Particulate Matter models to populate a table in memory. The switch between steady state and transient models, real time emissions estimations is based on the rate of change of engine speed (RPM). If the rate of change of RPM exceeds a predetermined threshold, transient models for NOx and Particulate Matter are used to operate the engine and reduce emissions of NOx and Particulate Matter.