Abstract: A method for the isomerization of a hydrocarbonic charge containing a substantial quantity of paraffin base hydrocarbons with 5 or 6 carbon atoms and a benzene content that is greater than or equal to 2% by weight, in which the charge to be treated passes, in the presence of hydrogen, at a total pressure greater than or equal to 10.105 Pa (10 bars) and at an average temperature ranging between 100 and 200° C., through at least one reactor (5) containing a catalyst. An adjunctive fluid is introduced in the upstream section of the reaction zone; a fluid that at 40° C. and under atmospheric pressure (1.0134.105 Pa), is in a gaseous phase and has a density that is less than or equal to that of the normal-pentane taken into account under the same conditions.

Abstract: A method for the isomerization of a hydrocarbonic charge containing a substantial quantity of paraffin base hydrocarbons with 5 or 6 carbon atoms and a benzene content that is greater than or equal to 2% by weight, in which the charge to be treated passes, in the presence of hydrogen, at a total pressure greater than or equal to 10.105 Pa (10 bars) and at an average temperature ranging between 100 and 200° C., through at least one reactor (5) containing a catalyst. An adjunctive fluid is introduced in the upstream section of the reaction zone; a fluid that at 40° C. and under atmospheric pressure (1.0134.105 Pa), is in a gaseous phase and has a density that is less than or equal to that of the normal-pentane taken into account under the same conditions.

Abstract: A method for the isomerization of a hydrocarbonic charge containing a substantial quantity of paraffin base hydrocarbons with 5 or 6 carbon atoms and a benzene content that is greater than or equal to 2% by weight, in which the charge to be treated passes, in the presence of hydrogen, at a total pressure greater than or equal to 10.105 Pa (10 bars) and at an average temperature ranging between 100 and 200° C., through at least one reactor (5) containing a catalyst. An adjunctive fluid is introduced in the upstream section of the reaction zone; a fluid that at 40° C. and under atmospheric pressure (1.0134.105 Pa), is in a gaseous phase and has a density that is less than or equal to that of the normal-pentane taken into account under the same conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydrocarbon catalytic cracking method in the presence of a catalyst in fluidized phase, within a tubular type reactor (1) containing an injection area.According to the invention, a substantial part of the load to be cracked is introduced into the injection area using at least one means of injection (3) of such load against the flow, in relation to the direction of flow of the catalyst grains, and a substantial part of the load to be cracked is simultaneously introduced in the same area using at least one means of injection (2) of such load in direction of the flow in relation to the direction of flow of the catalyst grains.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon catalytic cracking process in which, a substantial portion of the hydrocarbons is pulverized and placed in contact with a specific contact zone, which is composed of: a mixing chamber having a maximum section S.sub.2, the upper part of which is fed with a heated regenerated catalyst through an upper opening delimiting a catalyst-flow section S.sub.1, and a descending-flow reaction area, in which the solid-gas mixture emanating from the mixing chamber is poured through an intermediate opening having a section S.sub.3 located in the lower part of said chamber. The ratios S.sub.2 /S.sub.1 and S.sub.2 /S.sub.3 have values of between 1.5 and 8.

Abstract: In a process and apparatus for visbreaking a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock in the liquid state, whereby the feedstock is brought to an appropriate temperature to cause cracking of at least part of the hydrocarbons present, and is then introduced into the bottom of a soaker (3) wherein it travels from bottom to top, and is then discharged from the top of said soaker (3) and directed to a fractionation unit, the improvement wherein a preferably inert gas is injected into the hydrocarbon feedstock inside the soaker (3), in the vicinity of the soaker side walls, at least at the bottom of the soaker (3) and the gas is injected upward along the side walls of the soaker (3) and flows from bottom to top along said walls co-currently with the hydrocarbon feedstock.

Abstract: A method of isomerizing n-paraffins into isoparaffins in a cut of hydrocarbons with four carbon atoms or of hydrocarbons with five and/or six carbon atoms. The cut being processed enters at least one reactor containing a stationary catalyst bed. The charge travels over the bed. Either the rate of isomerization in the effluents or a parameter directly dependent thereon (such as the octane number) is preferably continuously measured. Some of the upstream catalyst, specifically between 1/3 and 2/3, is replaced with fresh catalyst once that rate has decreased 10 to 30% below a prescribed point. The charge is redirected through the reactor once the catalyst has been replaced.

Abstract: An apparatus for the catalytic cracking in the fluid state of hydrocarbon feedstocks which comprises a riser-type column (2); at the top of the riser (2) and concentric therewith, a chamber (1) for separation of the hydrocarbon vapors and the coke-laden catalyst particles; directly above the upper opening of the riser (2) and in the interior of said chamber (1), a ballistic separator (3); at least one unit for regeneration of the spent catalyst, fed by stripped particles received from said chamber. The chamber (1) for separation of the coke-laden catalyst particles and the stripping thereof comprises, at a level intermediate between the bed (6) of particles being stripped and the opening of the riser (2), a means (11) adapted to form a baffle for locally reducing the diameter of said chamber (1) and the free passage at the periphery of the riser (2), thereby reducing recirculating streams of hydrocarbon vapors in separation chamber (1) of the FCC unit thus avoiding overcracking.

Abstract: A process for the substantial homogenization of the mixture of hot solid particles and of the hydrocarbon vapors to be treated within a tubular reactor (preferably an FCC unit) for the cracking of hydrocarbons in a fluidized bed of hot solid particles. Directly downstream of the zone of injection, in the reaction zone of the feedstock to be or being treated, usually where at least 75 percent of the droplets of the feedstock are vaporized, there is injected into the reactor a fluid in the gaseous state at one or more points on the interior surface of the side wall of the reactor.