Abstract: An apparatus configured to control fluid distribution between at least one fluid circulation system (2) associated with equipment (3) and at least two replaceable fluid containers (4), the apparatus having: a fluid path (5) configured to couple to at least one fluid port (6) of the fluid circulation system (2), and to at least one fluid port (7) of each of the replaceable fluid containers (4), the fluid path (5) having at least one valve (8) between the fluid circulation system (2) and at least one replaceable fluid container (4); and a control apparatus (9) configured to control the at least one valve (8) to control the flow of fluid between the fluid circulation system (2) and the at least two replaceable fluid containers (4).

Abstract: An encased tethered magnet, system and method for securing a bottle in arm's reach are disclosed. A substantially oblong flux enhanced magnet may comprise a flux enhancing layer and a magnetic layer. A tether encases the magnet. The tether has a first end configured to suspend the magnet proximal an inside wall of the bottle and a second end configured to extend beyond a bottle opening. The method for securing the bottle includes tethering the magnet proximal a side wall, a bottom wall or a top wall of the receptacle and placing the magnet within an attracting distance to a magnetically attractive surface to secure it thereto. The system includes a retainer comprising at least one magnetically attractive device affixed thereon to attach to the tethered magnet through the bottle and an optional scratch-inhibiting material. The retainer is configured to attach to a user's pants pocket, clothing item or tool.

Abstract: A catalyst and process for the production of acetic acid by the carbonylation of methanol and/or a reactive derivative thereof. The catalyst system comprises an iridium carbonylation catalyst, methyl iodide co-catalyst, optionally at least one of ruthenium, osmium, rhenium, zinc, gallium, tungsten, cadmium, mercury and indium and at least one non-hydrohalogenoic acid promoter. The non-hydrohalogenoic acid may be an oxoacid, a superacid and/or a heteropolyacid.

Abstract: A process for the production of acetic acid by carbonylating methanol and/or a reactive derivative thereof with carbon monoxide in at least one carbonylation reaction zone containing a liquid reaction composition comprising an iridium carbonylation catalyst, methyl iodide co-catalyst, a finite concentration of water, acetic acid, methyl acetate, at least one promoter selected from ruthenium, osmium and rhenium and at least one catalyst system stabiliser selected from indium, cadmium, mercury, gallium and zinc and wherein the molar ratio of iridium:promoter:stabiliser in the liquid reaction composition is maintained in the range 1:(>2 to 15):(0.25 to 12).