Abstract: The systems and methods described herein include, among other things, processes for providing low latency packet transport in ad hoc networks. To this end, the systems, in certain embodiments, employ an architecture for communication nodes in MANETs, in which the delay introduced in “routing” or “relaying” the packet is reduced. In these systems invention, the data plane of the OSI stack at relay nodes is collapsed so that bits entering the node are re-energized “on-the-fly”, with only a brief pause. A transit key in each packet, inserted by the originator of the packet, is used to index into a transit table to determine one of three actions to perform—drop, keep, or retransmit the packet. A control plane determines, for each packet, whether it should be re-energized or not. The control algorithm ensures that only nodes along the path from the source to the destination re-energize (relay) the packet.

Abstract: A burst of data in a wireless network includes a preamble [502], a postamble [504] and one or more blocks of data [506]. A low or no power receiving device [102] receives the preamble [502]. When the preamble [502] includes an ID of the receiving device, structural information of the burst is derived from the preamble [502], indicating when at least one component of the device is to be powered on to receive the at least one block of data [506] included in the burst. The at least one component [306, 308, 310] is powered on at a first time period in order to receive the data in the one or more blocks of data. The at least one component [306, 308, 310] is powered off at a specific time period from a beginning of the first time period. The powering on and off are repeated for each of the one or more blocks of data [506] in the burst.

Abstract: The systems and methods described herein include, among other things, processes for providing low latency packet transport in ad hoc networks. To this end, the systems, in certain embodiments, employ an architecture for communication nodes in MANETs, in which the delay introduced in “routing” or “relaying” the packet is reduced. In these systems invention, the data plane of the OSI stack at relay nodes is collapsed so that bits entering the node are re-energized “on-the-fly”, with only a brief pause. A transit key in each packet, inserted by the originator of the packet, is used to index into a transit table to determine one of three actions to perform—drop, keep, or retransmit the packet. A control plane determines, for each packet, whether it should be re-energized or not. The control algorithm ensures that only nodes along the path from the source to the destination re-energize (relay) the packet.

Abstract: A code signal representing a sequence of code symbols carrying digital information is generated with the frequency components of the code signal being essentially confined to a preselected signalling band lying within the bandwidth of an audio signal within which the code signal is to be embedded. The audio signal is continuously frequency analyzed over a frequency band encompassing the signalling band and the code signal is dynamically filtered as a function of the analysis thereby to provide a modified code signal with frequency components which are, at each time instant, essentially a preselected small proportion of the levels of the corresponding audio signal frequency components. Accordingly, the modified code signal can be combined with the audio signal to obtain a composite audio signal which is not readily distinguishable from the original audio signal by listening.