Abstract: Instantiating a Network Service described by a Forwarding Graph comprising Virtual Network Functions, VNF instances, which are interconnected via communication links. This includes splitting the Forwarding Graph into n VNF Elementary Graphs, VNF EGs. Each of the VNF EGs for a VNF Instance includes routing information for forwarding, by that VNF instance and to another VNF instance, packets output by that VNF instance based on a packet class identifier included in the packet. Each of the VNF EGs is transmitted to the corresponding VNF instance for that VNF EG. Each of the VNF instances, when outputting a packet handled by it, then transmits the packet to a next VNF instance based on the packet class identifier included in the packet.

Abstract: A method for inserting at least one message in a rendering of a video content by a display device is disclosed. The display device comprises a periodic light source and the method comprises obtaining one bit of the message and modulating a frequency of the periodic light source in view of the bit. A device for inserting at least one message is disclosed. In another aspect, a method and a device for reading at least one message in a video content obtained by filming a display device wherein the display device comprises a periodic light source whose frequency is modulated in view of a bit of the message is further disclosed.

Abstract: The descrambling device comprises hardware resources (1) and first memory zones (CA1, CA2, . . . , CAn) to store at least two different access control codes for controlling the hardware resources. The device also contains an arbitration code for selecting one access control code to control the hardware resources in order to share access to the hardware resources from the access control codes. Access control codes can be downloaded in the first memory zones by means of a loader contained in the device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for scrambling video data in the MPEG2 video format as well as to a process for descrambling data scrambled according to the process of the invention. The scrambled video data are the coefficients AC and/or DC arising from the “discrete cosine transform” operation which are associated with at least one block of at least one image coded in INTRA mode. The invention applies to conditional access systems such as, for example, pay television systems.

Abstract: A method for loading a user interface in a television system comprising a decoder and a removable smart card cooperating with the decoder, the decoder comprising a main user interface, the method comprising the steps of loading and storing by the decoder of the totality of a user interface module stored-on the smart card, the user interface module comprising data structures making reference to information destined to a user, the information being stored on the smart card, establishing by the decoder a relation between the main user interface and the stored user interface module in order to enable access by a user to the user interface module, and subsequently exchanging between the decoder and the smart card parts of the information upon commands issued by the user through the user interface module.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for cascading detachable conditional access modules as well as a circuit for inserting a predetermined sequence and a circuit for detecting the sequence. Each module receives a data stream formed of packets of fixed length separated by an interpacket space of fixed length. The interpacket spaces contain a constant predetermined sequence which does not interfere with the packets. The predetermined sequence may be used to regenerate a packet clock signal.

Abstract: A process for reading binary information written on a carrier. The carrier has at least one track and the binary information is written onto the carrier at a frequency Fbit. The process includes the step of reading binary information at the sampling frequency F.sub.e to form a succession of successive read samples SAM(k) of the same track. SAM(k) is the read sample of order k, each read sample having a phase .phi.(k) lying between 0 and 2.pi.. The method further includes a step of interpolating to make it possible to calculate an interpolated sample I(k) with phase equal to .pi. which corresponds to read sample SAM(k) on the basis of the read sample and on the i+j read samples which bracket the original read sample SAM(k) such that:I(k)=a.sub.k-i SAM(k-i)+ . . . +a.sub.k SAM(k)+ . . . +a.sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of processing a digital signal of dimension k, in a so-called secure communication system, such that the digital signal (y) at output cannot be deduced from the digital signal (x) at input, consisting in dispatching the digital signal (x) to a device effecting a one-way function.The method includes the following steps:the digital signal (x) at the input is dispatched to a circuit C (1, 2) which gives as output a digital signal (x") of dimension n acceptable to the one-way function;the signal (x") from the circuit C (1, 2) is dispatched to the circuit effecting the one-way function giving as output the digital signal (y).The invention applies in particular to so-called secure communication systems.

Abstract: For the selection of the columns of elementary heads of a multitrack recording head, the method makes use of a bipolar pulse with amplitudes +2I/3 and -2I/3. For the selection of lines of elementary heads, it makes use of pulses with an amplitude of +I/3 or -I/3. And for the non-selected lines, it uses a bipolar pulse that is in phase opposition with respect to the column selection pulse and has amplitudes of +I/3 and -I/3.