Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing amino- or hydroxybenzonitriles during which, within the scope of an ammonolysis, the corresponding amino- or hydroxybenzoic acid compounds are reacted with ammonia in the presence of a phosphate-containing supported catalyst at temperatures between 250° C. and 500° C. The production step is carried out in a reaction gas without an organic solvent followed by at least a 2-stage purification step.

Abstract: This invention relates to a system for obtaining hydrocarbons from organic or inorganic solid waste, wherein said system comprises: an inlet chamber, within which is a mixer assembly which mixes and conveys the waste through said chamber, which is also at ambient temperature, thus avoiding any thermal stuck to the solid waste for processing; a dehydration chamber with a mixing assembly therein, and the upper part of this chamber contains an expansion chamber for promoting more efficient molecular breakdown; the thermal breakdown is carried out in two reactors which are operated at different temperatures, the first thermal disassociation reactor which has inside a mixer unit, and which in its upper part houses an expansion chamber, the second thermal breakdown reactor, therein has a mixer unit, and in the upper portion thereof houses an expansion chamber and at the top end thereof a vertical expansion tower; wherein the thermolytic steam is homogenized, a separator of heavy hydrocarbons, which does not require

Abstract: What is claimed is a process for preparing amino- or hydroxybenzonitriles, in which, in the course of an ammonolysis, the corresponding amino- or hydroxybenzoic acid compounds are reacted with ammonia in the presence of a supported catalyst comprising phosphate at temperatures between 250° C. and 500° C. The actual preparation step is performed in a reaction gas (mixture) and without involvement of an organic solvent, and is followed by an at least 2-stage purification step. In this purification step, the gaseous mixture obtained from the preparation step is first converted to an aqueous basic suspension and then the product present in the solid is released from this suspension. The main advantage of this combination process is that the starting materials are not esters, which is why the resulting products, in contrast to the processes which are otherwise customary, are free of the by-products which are otherwise customary, which leads to a high product purity.

Abstract: A process is claimed for the catalyst-free production of alkoxybenzonitriles by substituting monohalogenated starting compounds of the general formula I in which X denotes Cl or Br and Y denotes H, alkyl or aryl, characterized in that the starting compound and an alcoholate of the general formula Z-OAlk in which Z=Na+ or K+ and Alk=C1 to C4 alkyl are held for 2 to 10 hours at the final temperature after heating both to 90 to 250° C., then the reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature, is restirred after adding water and finally the end product is separated. Using this process in which preferably benzonitriles chlorinated and/or brominated in the 2- or 4-position are used as the starting compound and sodium methylate or sodium ethylate is used as the alcoholate, it is possible to economically produce the respective end products in very good yields and with a high purity in an efficient and at the same time environmentally friendly manner.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of mono-, bi- or poly-functional biaryls in the presence of a metal complex of the general formula IV as catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of mono-, bi- or poly-functional biaryls in the presence of a metal complex of the general formula IV 1

Abstract: A fan blade includes perforated anchor tangs, one with inboard corners and the remainder without. The corners are disposed in a complementary seat in a rotor disk for limiting blade pivoting during assembly.

Abstract: A fan blade includes an airfoil having a root and an integral platform. The platform includes forward and aft ends and arcuate first and second sides therebetween. The airfoil root is laterally offset closer to the platform first side than the second side. Impact loads with a trailing blade during a blade-out failure are accordingly distributed for reducing peak loading in the trailing blade and damage thereto.