Abstract: A method of growing 2-D crystals includes: providing a plurality of sub-substrates; stacking the plurality of sub-substrates to form a stacked substrate; disposing the stacked substrate into a crystal-growing furnace; pumping a reaction gas into the crystal-growing furnace; and heating the crystal-growing furnace to enable the reaction gas to react on the stacked substrate, and at least one 2-D crystal is formed on at least one surface of the plurality of sub-substrates in the stacked substrate.

Abstract: A graphene pattern is fabricated by forming a pattern of passivation material on a growth substrate. The pattern of passivation material defines an inverse pattern of exposed surface on the growth substrate. A carbon-containing gas is supplied to the inverse pattern of the exposed surface of the growth substrate, and patterned graphene is formed from the carbon. The passivation material does not facilitate graphene growth, and the inverse pattern of exposed surface of the growth substrate facilitates graphene growth on the exposed surface of the growth substrate.

Abstract: A method includes generating an aerosol comprising a plurality of catalyst particles from a precursor solution comprising a carbon source and a catalyst, transmitting the plurality of catalyst particles through a reaction zone extending along a temperature profile including at least one temperature sufficient to induce in each of the plurality of catalyst particles growth of a plurality of carbon nanotubes, and positioning at least one substrate along the temperature profile and at least partially outside of the reaction zone at a position to collect a portion of the plurality of carbon nanotubes on a surface of the at least one substrate.