Abstract: Provided herein are methods for the preparation of perfusable scaffolds for cell culture. These methods can comprise providing a bioink composition and a fugitive ink composition; chaotic printing the bioink composition and the fugitive ink composition to generate a microstructured precursor comprising a plurality of lamellar structures formed from the bioink composition; curing the bioink composition to form a cured scaffold precursor; and removing the fugitive ink from the cured scaffold precursor, thereby forming the perfusable scaffold. Also provided are scaffolds prepared by these methods as well as modular bioreactors incorporating these scaffolds.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel multifunctional dendrimer structures with a high loading capacity. Said dendrimer structures include a nucleus having at least a first generation or an end generation covalently bonded thereto. The first generation is formed by at least two of the following structures, namely: a spacer, a load, a branching element. In addition, a plurality of sequences (known as intermediary generations) with at least two of the aforementioned structures can be joined to the first generation. The terminal generation is formed by at least three of the following structures, namely: a spacer, a load, a branching element and a terminal.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved method for obtaining bioethanol from sorghum grain (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), comprising steps involving decortication and hydrolysis with proteases prior to liquefaction. The decortication is performed mechanically and produces a by-product rich in pericarp or bran and stable sorghum grain. The decorticated grain produces greater quantities of bioethanol compared to the whole grain. The hydrolysis with protease, performed before and during the first part of the liquefaction step, enables the hydrolysis of the protein matrix covering the sorghum starch granules and provides a higher rate of hydrolysis of starch to dextrins and glucose after the liquefaction and saccharification steps respectively. The two novel steps of the method significantly reduce the biocatalysis and fermentation times such that ethanol can be produced in less time and using fewer resources.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel multifunctional dendrimer structures with a high loading capacity. Said dendrimer structures include a nucleus having at least a first generation or an end generation covalently bonded thereto. The first generation is formed by at least two of the following structures, namely: a spacer, a load, a branching element. In addition, a plurality of sequences (known as intermediary generations) with at least two of the aforementioned structures can be joined to the first generation. The terminal generation is formed by at least three of the following structures, namely: a spacer, a load, a branching element and a terminal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reactor for the gas-phase reaction of commercially available gases in the presence of an inert carrier gas to form product gas. The reactor has a streamlined, compact configuration and at least one solids collection and removal system downstream of the reactor, where solids are efficiently removed from the product gas stream, leaving high purity product gas. The removal system allows for a simple reactor design, which is easy to clean and operates continuously over longer periods of time.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reactor for the gas-phase reaction of commercially available gases in the presence of an inert carrier gas to form product gas. The reactor has a streamlined, compact configuration and at least one solids collection and removal system downstream of the reactor, where solids are efficiently removed from the product gas stream, leaving high purity product gas. The removal system allows for a simple reactor design, which is easy to clean and operates continuously over longer periods of time.