Abstract: The invention relates to a completely or partially compostable turf (202, 300) the turf being a completely or partially compostable artificial turf or a hybrid turf (202) comprising a completely or partially compostable hybrid turf support, the turf comprising a decomposition inhibitor, the decomposition inhibitor in the turf being adapted to lose its functionality or leave the turf until a defined period of time has elapsed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a completely or partially compostable turf (202, 300) the turf being a completely or partially compostable artificial turf or a hybrid turf (202) comprising a completely or partially compostable hybrid turf support, the turf comprising a decomposition inhibitor, the decomposition inhibitor in the turf being adapted to lose its functionality or leave the turf until a defined period of time has elapsed.

Abstract: A subsurface warming system for an athletic field supplies positive pressurization to a particulate subsurface via a piping network with pipes that have openings. The system enables control of the temperature of the supplied air by varying the flow resistance at an output end of a constant air supply source, such as a positive displacement blower. By increasing the flow resistance at the output end of the blower, with a variably controllable valve equipped with a modulating actuator, the operating temperature of the blower increases and thereby causes a corresponding increase in the temperature of the air supplied therefrom. By varying the flow resistance, as needed, a user can vary the temperature of the air supplied to the piping network and eventually to the subsurface, to allow the problem associated with freezing of the subsurface during the winter season, for an athletic field that may be an artificial turf.

Abstract: There is provided a hybrid turf support for use with natural grass to form a stable hybrid turf system, the hybrid turf support comprising a knitted reticulated support; and a plurality of grass-like fibers extending upwardly from the knitted reticulated support, the grass-like fibers comprising groups of fibers extending upwardly at intervals.

Abstract: Particulate infill from a worn down infilled artificial turf, particularly a sand/rubber mixture which includes crumb rubber from vehicle tires, is extracted from a prior field and then thereafter incorporated into the top surface of the compacted base at the same site, thereby to assure better drainage conditions in the compacted base for the subsequently installed field. The extracted and incorporated infill helps to maintain open drainage channels throughout the top of the compacted base, particularly in areas where limestone is prevalent. Otherwise, the limestone “fines” are susceptible to compacting and creating a cement-like crust at the top of the base. An existing infill extractor/collector device is modified to operate in a second mode, so that instead of merely performing the conventional bagging of the already-used infill, the already-used infill is laterally diverted back on to the base at the same site, and thereafter, distributed and tilled into the base.

Abstract: A subsurface warming system for an athletic field supplies positive pressurization to a particulate subsurface via a piping network with pipes that have openings. The system enables control of the temperature of the supplied air by varying the flow resistance at an output end of a constant air supply source, such as a positive displacement blower. By increasing the flow resistance at the output end of the blower, with a variably controllable valve equipped with a modulating actuator, the operating temperature of the blower increases and thereby causes a corresponding increase in the temperature of the air supplied therefrom. By varying the flow resistance, as needed, a user can vary the temperature of the air supplied to the piping network and eventually to the subsurface, to allow the problem associated with freezing of the subsurface during the winter season, for an athletic field that may be an artificial turf.

Abstract: The invention relates to a completely or partially compostable turf (202, 300) the turf being a completely or partially compostable artificial turf or a hybrid turf (202) comprising a completely or partially compostable hybrid turf support, the turf comprising a decomposition inhibitor, the decomposition inhibitor in the turf being adapted to lose its functionality or leave the turf until a defined period of time has elapsed.

Abstract: An infilled artificial turf surface [18] includes a particulate infill [24] with at least a top layer [28] that comprises a mixture of Black walnut shell particles [30] and English walnut shell particles [32], the walnut shell particles [30, 32] having been treated so as to eliminate or substantially remove tree nut allergens that are known to activate allergies in some humans. Preferably, treatment occurs via heat treatment in a rotary furnace, which also rounds and smoothes the particles [30, 32]. Particularly if used in the top layer [28] of a particulate infill [24] of an artificial turf surface [18], the shape and size and proportion of the Black walnut shell particles [30] and the English walnut shell particles [32] provide stability for the resulting turf surface [18], while also being able to absorb water applied thereto, thereby to hold moisture and to provide evaporative cooling of the artificial turf surface [18] for up to about five hours.

Abstract: Particulate infill from a worn down infilled artificial turf, particularly a sand/rubber mixture which includes crumb rubber from vehicle tires, is extracted from a prior field and then thereafter incorporated into the top surface of the compacted base at the same site, thereby to assure better drainage conditions in the compacted base for the subsequently installed field. The extracted and incorporated infill helps to maintain open drainage channels throughout the top of the compacted base, particularly in areas where limestone is prevalent. Otherwise, the limestone “fines” are susceptible to compacting and creating a cement-like crust at the top of the base. An existing infill extractor/collector device is modified to operate in a second mode, so that instead of merely performing the conventional bagging of the already-used infill, the already-used infill is laterally diverted back on to the base at the same site, and thereafter, distributed and tilled into the base.

Abstract: There is provided a hybrid turf support for use with natural grass to form a stable hybrid turf system, the hybrid turf support comprising a knitted reticulated support; and a plurality of grass-like fibers extending upwardly from the knitted reticulated support, the grass-like fibers comprising groups of fibers extending upwardly at intervals.

Abstract: A method of constructing a multi-layered athletic field includes installing surface and subsurface layers over a foundation. The subsurface layer comprises a backing with a plurality of pile filaments secured thereto and extending upwardly to a desired level. A subsurface particulate fill material resides on the subsurface backing, to surround and support the subsurface pile filaments at the desired level, so that the filaments and the particulate are about the same height. This height, and the composition of the subsurface particulate fill material, are selected to achieve a desired degree of shock absorption for the athletic field. The subsurface particles may be retained, as by a hardened liquid binder sprayed thereon. Thereafter, the surface layer is installed on top of the subsurface layer.

Abstract: An infilled artificial surface has natural grass-like play characteristics due to the use of two distinct groups of fibers extending upwardly from a backing, and a stabilizing fill material residing on the backing, with a first upper group of fibers simulating grass plants and extending above the infill and a second lower group of preferably texturized fibers extending upward from the backing to the top of, but not above, the fill. With this structure, substantially all of the fill material is stabilized within the vertical level of the second lower group of fibers. This second group of fibers “locks” the fill material in place and helps to promote consistent and uniform play characteristics which closely simulate natural grass, with a “foot feel” of natural turf. This structure also improves the durability of this playing surface, compared to prior infilled surfaces.

Abstract: A synthetic turf comprises a backing with a plurality of pile filaments secured to the backing and extending upwardly therefrom and filled with particulate fill material. The fill material comprises a lower ballast layer of gravel residing on the backing and an upper layer of resilient particles above the lower layer. The lower layer of gravel provides weight and stability to hold down the synthetic turf without migrating to the surface. The upper layer provides cushioning and uniform resilience for the synthetic turf while the pile filaments create a grass-like appearance for the playing surface.

Abstract: A synthetic turf comprises a backing with a plurality of pile filaments secured to the backing and extending upwardly therefrom and filled with particulate fill material. The fill material comprises a lower ballast layer of gravel residing on the backing and an upper layer of resilient particles above the lower layer. The lower layer of gravel provides weight and stability to hold down the synthetic turf without migrating to the surface. The upper layer provides cushioning and uniform resilience for the synthetic turf while the pile filaments create a grass-like appearance for the playing surface.

Abstract: A synthetic turf comprises a backing with a plurality of pile filaments secured to the backing and extending upwardly therefrom and filled with particulate fill material. The pile filaments create a grass-like appearance for the playing surface. The fill material comprises a lower ballast layer of gravel residing on the backing and an upper layer of resilient particles above the lower layer. The lower layer of gravel provides weight and stability to hold down the synthetic turf without migrating to the surface. The upper layer provides cushioning and uniform resilience for the synthetic turf.

Abstract: A stabilized turf (10) particularly suitable for athletic fields includes a mat (18) interposed between upper (24) and lower (16) layers of growth media, the mat (18) having a horizontally disposed, biodegradable primary backing (22) and generally upwardly extending fibers (20) secured thereto, wherein the fibers (20) extend above the upper layer (24) of growth media. Natural grass plants (26) extend upwardly above the upper layer (24), with the roots extending down through the backing (22) and into the lower layer (16). The mat (18) stabilizes root growth, particularly during initial grow in. The biodegradability of the primary backing (22) results in a loss of all or most of its horizontal structural integrity within a predetermined time period. The primary backing (22) may be treated with a decomposition agent to control the predetermined time period for decomposition, a stabilizing agent to assist in holding the upright fibers (20) or a growth agent for the natural turf grass.

Abstract: A stabilized natural turf surface particularly suitable for athletic fields includes a mat interposed between upper and lower layers of growth media, the mat having a woven biodegradable backing and upwardly extending artificial fibers secured thereto, wherein the fibers extend well above the top of the upper layer. Natural grass plants grow in the upper layer, with the crowns being located in the upper layer of growth media and the roots extending down through the backing and into the lower layer. The mat helps to stabilize root growth, particularly during the first few years. The biodegradability of the backing results in its eventual decomposition, so that after a predetermined time the turf surface may be aerated all the way down to the lower layer without adversely affecting the mat and the mat can be top dressed beginning immediately after turf growth occurs. The biodegradability also prevents the creation of an agronomic barrier between the upper and lower layers.

Abstract: A stabilized natural turf surface particularly suitable for athletic fields includes a mat interposed between upper and lower layers of growth media, the mat having a woven biodegradable backing and upwardly extending artificial fibers secured thereto, wherein the fibers extend well above the top of the upper layer. Natural grass plants grow in the upper layer, with the crowns being located in the upper layer of growth media and the roots extending down through the backing and into the lower layer. The mat helps to stabilize root growth, particularly during the first few years. The biodegradability of the backing results in its eventual decomposition, so that after a predetermined time the turf surface may be aerated all the way down to the lower layer without adversely affecting the mat and the mat can be top dressed beginning immediately after turf growth occurs. The biodegradability also prevents the creation of an agronomic barrier between the upper and lower layers.

Abstract: A stabilized turf (10) particularly suitable for athletic fields includes a mat (18) interposed between upper (24) and lower (16) layers of growth media, the mat (18) having a horizontally disposed, biodegradable primary backing (22) and generally upwardly extending fibers (20) secured thereto, wherein the fibers (20) extend above the upper layer (24) of growth media. Natural grass plants (26) extend upwardly above the upper layer (24), with the roots extending down through the backing (22) and into the lower layer (16). The mat (18) stabilizes root growth, particularly during initial grow in. The biodegradability of the primary backing (22) results in a loss of all or most of its horizontal structural integrity within a predetermined time period. The primary backing (22) may be treated with a decomposition agent to control the predetermined time period for decomposition, a stabilizing agent to assist in holding the upright fibers (20) or a growth agent for the natural turf grass.

Abstract: A temporarily stabilized natural turf conforms to a foundation of uniform or nonuniform topography, for instance a golf course green, and includes a flexible biodegradable primary backing with biodegradable fibers tufted thereto, an upper sand-based fill layer extending above the primary to about the tops of the fibers, and natural grass plants supported within the fill layer. The natural grass plants have blades which extend above the fill layer and the fibers to form a natural grass playing surface. The crowns of the natural grass plants reside just beneath the fill layer. The roots of the natural grass plants extend downwardly through the fill layer and through the root permeable and water permeable primary backing. The stabilized turf is grown at a sod farm and transplanted to the use site, and the primary backing helps to carry the sand-based fill layer. Once installed, the roots grow into the foundation relatively quickly, reducing the time needed to achieve a durable natural turf.