Abstract: A composite formulation and composite product are disclosed. The composite formulation includes a polymer matrix having metal particles, the metal particles including dendritic particles and tin-containing particles. The metal particles are blended within the polymer matrix at a temperature greater than the melt temperature of the polymer matrix. The tin containing particles are at a concentration in the composite formulation of, by volume, between 10% and 36%, and the dendritic particles are at a concentration in the composite formulation of, by volume, between 16% and 40%. The temperature at which the metal particles are blended generates metal-metal diffusion of the metal particles, producing intermetallic phases, the temperature being at least the intermetallic annealing temperature of the metal particles.

Abstract: An electrical device having first and second electrodes and a layer of a conductive composite electrically in contact with the first and second electrodes. The conductive composite is a mixture of a semi-crystalline polymer and a conductive filler, the conductive filler including a plurality of particles containing an inner material including a first metal; and an outer material surrounding the inner material, the outer material including a second metal; and an intermetallic compound formed between the inner material and the outer material. The intermetallic compound has features from the inner material and the outer material. The device can be a circuit protection device. Also provided is a method of making a conductive composite by dry mixing the components.

Abstract: An article and process are described. The article includes a conductive heat-recoverable composite shield or a conductive heat-recovered composite shield formed from a conductive heat-recoverable composite shield. The conductive composite shield and/or the conductive heat-recovered composite shield formed from a conductive heat-recoverable composite shield comprises a non-conductive matrix and conductive particles within the non-conductive matrix. The article has a resistivity of less than 0.05 ohm·cm. A process of producing the conductive heat-recovered composite shield includes extruding the conductive heat-recoverable composite shield and heating the conductive heat-recoverable composite shield thereby forming the conductive heat-recovered composite shield.

Abstract: An electrical device having first and second electrodes and a layer of a conductive composite electrically in contact with the first and second electrodes. The conductive composite is a mixture of a semi-crystalline polymer and a conductive filler, the conductive filler including a plurality of particles containing an inner material including a first metal; and an outer material surrounding the inner material, the outer material including a second metal; and an intermetallic compound formed between the inner material and the outer material. The intermetallic compound has features from the inner material and the outer material. The device can be a circuit protection device. Also provided is a method of making a conductive composite by dry mixing the components.

Abstract: A composite formulation and composite product are disclosed. The composite formulation includes a polymer matrix having metal particles, the metal particles including dendritic particles and tin-containing particles. The metal particles are blended within the polymer matrix at a temperature greater than the melt temperature of the polymer matrix. The tin containing particles are at a concentration in the composite formulation of, by volume, between 10% and 36%, and the dendritic particles are at a concentration in the composite formulation of, by volume, between 16% and 40%. The temperature at which the metal particles are blended generates metal-metal diffusion of the metal particles, producing intermetallic phases, the temperature being at least the intermetallic annealing temperature of the metal particles.

Abstract: A composite formulation and electrical component are disclosed. The composite formulation includes a polymer matrix having at least 15% crystallinity and process-aid-treated copper-containing particles blended with the polymer matrix including higher aspect ratio particles and lower aspect ratio particles. The higher ratio particles and the lower ratio particles produce a decreased percolation threshold for the composite formulation when processed by extrusion or molding, the decreased percolation threshold being compared to a similar composition that fails to include the first particle and the second particles. The electrical component includes a composite product produced from the composite formulation and is selected from the group consisting of an antenna, electromagnetic interference shielding device, a connector housing, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: An electrical device in which a resistive element composed of a conductive polymer composition and two electrodes is made by a method in which the device is cut from a laminate of the conductive polymer composition and the electrodes, is exposed to a thermal treatment at a temperature above the melting temperature of the conductive polymer composition, and is then crosslinked.

Abstract: A conductive polymer composition which has a resistivity at 20.degree. C. of at most 1.0 ohm-cm and a PTC anomaly of at least 104 contains at most 64% by volume of a crystalline polymeric component and at least 36% by volume of a particulate conductive filler. A preferred conductive filler is carbon black having a DBP number of 60 to 120 cm.sup.3 /100 g. Compositions of the invention, as well as other conductive polymer compositions are preferably prepared by a method in which the polymeric component and the filler are blended in a first step at a temperature greater than the melting temperature of the polymer, the mixture is then cooled, and the mixture is then mixed in a second step. The resulting composition has a PTC anomaly that is at least 1.2 times the PTC anomaly of the first mixture.

Abstract: A conductive polymer composition which has a resistivity at 20.degree. C. of at most 1.0 ohm-cm and a PTC anomaly of at least 10.sup.4 contains at most 64% by volume of a crystalline polymeric component and at least 36% by volume of a particulate conductive filler. A preferred conductive filler is carbon black having a DBP number of 60 to 120 cm.sup.3 /100 g. Compositions of the invention, as well as other conductive polymer compositions are preferably prepared by a method in which the polymeric component and the filler are blended in a first step at a temperature greater than the melting temperature of the polymer, the mixture is then cooled, and the mixture is then mixed in a second step. The resulting composition has a PTC anomaly that is at least 1.2 times the PTC anomaly of the first mixture.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is made from an encapsulated liquid crystal structure comprising a liquid crystal composition dispersed in a containment medium. Selected additives may be added to the encapsulated liquid crystal structure to improve performance characteristics such as the operating field, the hysteresis, and the voltage holding ratio.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is made from an encapsulated liquid crystal structure comprising a liquid crystal composition dispersed in a containment medium. Selected additives may be added to the encapsulated liquid crystal structure to improve performance characteristics such as the operating field, the hysteresis, and the voltage holding ratio.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is made from an encapsulated liquid crystal structure comprising a liquid crystal composition dispersed in a containment medium. Selected additives may be added to the encapsulated liquid crystal structure to improve performance characteristics such as the operating field, the hysteresis, and the voltage holding ratio.

Abstract: An active matrix liquid crystal display having improved performance properties is made using an encapsulated liquid crystal structure comprising a containment medium having dispersed therein a liquid crystal composition having an average dielectric constant greater than about 6 and other specified characteristics.

Abstract: Encapsulated liquid crystal material is made by mixing liquid crystals, a containment medium, and a carrier medium made of a water-miscible monohydric alcohol and water in the proportion between 5:95 and 60:40 weight/weight to form an emulsion; applying the emulsion onto a substrate and drying the emulsion to remove the carrier medium.

Abstract: A display having (a) a first electrode; (b) a second electrode; (c) a display medium positioned between the first and second electrodes, which display medium is switchable between a first state in which incident light is at least one of scattered and absorbed and a second state in which the amount of such scattering and/or absorption is reduced; and (d) scattering centers disposed in front of the second electrode for scattering incident light with a scattering half angle of between about 2 and about 40 degrees when the display medium is in its second state, while permitting at least 10% of the incident light to be transmitted.