Abstract: An electrochemical cell comprising a gas diffusion electrode for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide. The gas diffusion electrode comprises a gas diffusion layer and a nickel or manganese-based molecular catalyst comprising an organic ligand. The gas diffusion electrode may provide a selective electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide, in preference to hydrogen, and may be useful for the production of carbon monoxide from industrial waste gas streams of carbon dioxide. A nickel-based molecular catalyst and a method of electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide are also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided herein is an aerosol-generating device for generating aerosol from an aerosol-generating material. The aerosol-generating device comprises a heating assembly including one or more heating units arranged to heat, but not burn, the aerosol-generating material 202 in use and a controller for controlling the one or more heating units. The controller is programmed such that, during a session of use, at least one of the one or more heating units is powered so as to be heated to a plurality of different temperatures sequentially, and each time that the heating unit is heated to a new temperature which is higher than a previous temperature the new temperature is less than 120° C. greater than the previous temperature and the heating unit is held at the new temperature for at least 0.5 seconds.

Abstract: In one aspect, an aerosol provision system is provided. The system includes an assembly defining an opening configured to receive a replaceable consumable and a removable member releasably engaged with the assembly. The removable member is configured to form part of an outer surface of the system, and is positioned so as not to obstruct the opening.

Abstract: In one aspect an aerosol-generating device comprising a smoking article and a heat source is described. The smoking article includes a smokable material and a cooling agent, the smokable material including a tobacco component. The heat source is disposed to heat, but not burn the smokable material in use. The cooling agent comprises a compound or a combination of compounds according to either of the following formulae, racemates, enantiomers and salts thereof (I, II).

Abstract: Aerosol provision devices are disclosed and can be configured for generating aerosol from aerosol-generating material. These devices can include a heating chamber for receiving the aerosol-generating material; at least one heating unit for heating the aerosol-generating material during a session of use; and an aperture, which fluidically connects the heating chamber with the exterior of the aerosol provision device. The aperture is suitably configured to reduce the risk of condensate accumulating within the device during use. The aperture can be non-circular. In some embodiments the device can include a plurality of apertures.

Abstract: Cleaning assemblies for aerosol provision devices are disclosed. In one example a cleaning assembly comprises: a shaft defining a longitudinal axis; and a cleaning element disposed at an end of the shaft. The cleaning element comprises a proximal portion and a distal portion adjacent to the proximal portion. The proximal portion has a greater cross section in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the shaft than the distal portion. In another example, an aerosol provision device cleaning assembly comprises: a shaft; a first cleaning element disposed at a first end of the shaft; and a second cleaning element disposed at a second end of the shaft.

Abstract: An article for use in a non-combustible aerosol provision system comprising an aerosol generating material comprising at least one aerosol forming material and a mouthpiece connected to the aerosol generating material, the mouthpiece comprising an upstream end adjacent to the aerosol generating material and a downstream end distal from the aerosol generating material, wherein the mouthpiece comprises a hollow tubular element formed from filamentary tow at the downstream end of the mouthpiece. There is also provided a system including the article and a non-combustible aerosol provision device for heating the aerosol generating material of the article, and a method of manufacturing articles for use in a non-combustible aerosol provision system.

Abstract: A non-combustible aerosol provision system is described including an article (1) having an aerosol generating material (3) and a mouthpiece (2) downstream of the aerosol generating material, wherein the aerosol generating material provides an aerosol when heated and the mouthpiece comprises a capsule (11) and the part of the mouthpiece in which the capsule is located reaches a temperature of between 58 and 70 degrees Centigrade during use of the system to generate an aerosol. The burst strength of the capsule when located within the mouthpiece and prior to heating of the aerosol generating material can be between 1500 and 4000 grams force and the burst strength of the capsule within 30 seconds of use of the system to generate an aerosol can be between 1000 and 4000 grams force.

Abstract: In one aspect, an aerosol provision system is provided. The system includes an assembly defining an opening configured to receive a replaceable consumable and a removable member releasably engaged with the assembly. The removable member is configured to form part of an outer surface of the system, and is positioned so as not to obstruct the opening.

Abstract: Embodiments provides treated tobacco material having a pH of at least 9 and a moisture content of no more than 20% based on the dry weight of the tobacco. Embodiments also provide a process for treating tobacco material to increase its pH to at least 9, the process comprising applying a basic solution to the tobacco material to be treated, and drying the material to produce a treated tobacco material with a moisture content of no more than 20%. Embodiments also provide devices comprising the treated tobacco material, and uses of the treated tobacco material.

Abstract: There is described an apparatus for heating or cooling a material to be heated or to be cooled. The apparatus includes: a first compartment for containing the material to be heated or to be cooled; and a second compartment containing a phase change material, wherein the phase change material is either for generating heat to heat the first compartment or absorbing heat to cool the first compartment when undergoing a phase change. There are further described various different activating arrangements for activating a change of phase of the phase change material.

Abstract: In one aspect an aerosol-generating device comprising a smoking article and a heat source is described. The smoking article includes a smokable material and a cooling agent, the smokable material including a tobacco component. The heat source is disposed to heat, but not burn the smokable material in use. The cooling agent comprises a compound or a combination of compounds according to either of the following formulae, racemates, enantiomers and salts thereof (I, II).

Abstract: A device is provided comprising a heat source material which is a phase change material and which undergoes an exothermic phase change upon activation by an activating agent to generate heat, a heat source chamber holding the heat source and an activation chamber providing the activating agent, and a barrier separating the interior of the heat source chamber from the interior of the activation chamber, wherein the activation chamber is deformable and wherein deformation of the activation chamber causes rupture of the barrier to allow contact between the activating agent and the heat source material. Embodiments also provide an activation chamber for use in the device and comprising an activating agent to trigger activation of a heat source material.

Abstract: There is described an apparatus for heating or cooling a material to be heated or to be cooled. The apparatus includes: a first compartment for containing the material to be heated or to be cooled; and a second compartment containing a phase change material, wherein the phase change material is either for generating heat to heat the first compartment or absorbing heat to cool the first compartment when undergoing a phase change. There are further described various different activating arrangements for activating a change of phase of the phase change material.

Abstract: Embodiments provides treated tobacco material having a pH of at least 9 and a moisture content of no more than 20% based on the dry weight of the tobacco. Embodiments also provide a process for treating tobacco material to increase its pH to at least 9, the process comprising applying a basic solution to the tobacco material to be treated, and drying the material to produce a treated tobacco material with a moisture content of no more than 20%. Embodiments also provide devices comprising the treated tobacco material, and uses of the treated tobacco material.

Abstract: A device is provided comprising a heat source material which is a phase change material and which undergoes an exothermic phase change upon activation by an activating agent to generate heat, a heat source chamber holding the heat source and an activation chamber providing the activating agent, and a barrier separating the interior of the heat source chamber from the interior of the activation chamber, wherein the activation chamber is deformable and wherein deformation of the activation chamber causes rupture of the barrier to allow contact between the activating agent and the heat source material. Embodiments also provide an activation chamber for use in the device and comprising an activating agent to trigger activation of a heat source material.

Abstract: A dead cable end distributes holding force over a length of a cable end to reduce or eliminate damage to cables. The dead cable end includes a housing containing a plurality of collets each residing in a collet receptacle. Each collet includes a conical exterior and a lengthwise collet gap, and each collet receptacle includes a conical interior. The collets and collet receptacle are held inside the housing by a screw-in retaining nut, and the collet and collet receptacle pairs are compressed between the retaining nut and a spring inside the housing. The cable end resides inside the collets, and axial compressive forces on each collet and collet receptacle pair cause each collet to compress radially and hold the cable end. Anti-rotation pins are inserted through the housing into slots in the collet receptacle next to the screw-in retainer to prevent internal rotation during tightening.

Abstract: A dead cable end distributes holding force over a length of a cable end to reduce or eliminate damage to cables. The dead cable end includes a housing containing a plurality of collets each residing in a collet receptacle. Each collet includes a conical exterior and a lengthwise collet gap, and each collet receptacle includes a conical interior. The collets and collet receptacle are held inside the housing by a screw-in retaining nut, and the collet and collet receptacle pairs are compressed between the retaining nut and a spring inside the housing. The cable end resides inside the collets, and axial compressive forces on each collet and collet receptacle pair cause each collet to compress radially and hold the cable end. Anti-rotation pins are inserted through the housing into slots in the collet receptacle next to the screw-in retainer to prevent internal rotation during tightening.

Abstract: An Occupant Retraction System (ORS) retracts a partially exposed occupant into a vehicle. The system responds to a trigger, wherein an occupant support retracts and actively pulls the occupant into the vehicle interior. The triggering event may be initiated by a manual switch, a rollover sensor, a crash sensor, a hostile ordnance sensor, or the like. A belt, harness, or foot strap may be connected to the occupant support to pull the occupant into the vehicle interior. A forcing means may be provided by a spring, hydraulic, pneumatic, or electro-mechanical actuator. The system further includes a damper for limiting acceleration to a safe maximum.

Abstract: A dead cable end distributes holding force over a length of a cable end to reduce or eliminate damage to cables. The dead cable end includes a housing containing a plurality of collets each residing in a collet receptacle. Each collet includes a conical exterior and a lengthwise collet gap and each collet receptacle includes a conical interior. The collets and collet receptacle are held inside the housing by a retaining nut, and the collet and collet receptacle pairs are compressed between the retaining nut and a spring inside the housing. The cable end resides inside the collets, and compressive force on each collet and collet receptacle pair causes each collet to compress radially and hold the cable end. The holding force is thereby distributed over the length of each collet and over the plurality of collet and receptacle pairs to avoid damage to the cable.