Abstract: Devices, systems and methods for sequencing protein samples are provided. In some examples, currents generated when a monomer passes through between electrodes of a nanogap electrode pair are measured for each of several different distances, so that monomers are identified when compared to a reference physical quantity of a known monomer, which may be obtained from a current measured with a similar inter-electrode distance(s) at which each of plural kinds of monomers are identifiable and ordered with predetermined accuracy and based on a detected physical quantity obtained from a tunneling current, which may be further normalized by the use of one or more reference substances.

Abstract: A system for treating a diseased site in a human or animal body. The system includes a pharmaceutical carrier including one or more phosphors which are capable of emitting light into the diseased site upon interaction, a photoactivatable drug for intercalating into DNA of cells at the diseased site, one or more devices which infuse the diseased sited with the photoactivatable drug and the pharmaceutical carrier, an x-ray or high energy electron source, and a processor programmed to control a dose of x-rays or electrons to the diseased site for production of light inside the tumor to activate the photoactivatable drug.

Abstract: Devices and methods for detecting, identifying, and sequencing, compounds, complexes, and molecules are described. Electronic detection is combined with optical excitation to determine the presence or identity of an analyte of interest. Embodiments of the invention additionally provide devices and methods that allow highly parallel nucleic acid sequence determination.

Abstract: A method comprises magnetically holding a bead carrying biological material (e.g., nucleic acid, which may be in the form of DNA fragments or amplified DNA) in a specific location of a substrate, and applying an electric field local to the bead to isolate the biological material or products or byproducts of reactions of the biological material. For example, the bead is isolated from other beads having associated biological material. The electric field in various embodiments concentrates reagents for an amplification or sequencing reaction, and/or concentrates and isolates detectable reaction by-products. For example, by isolating nucleic acids around individual beads, the electric field can allow for clonal amplification, as an alternative to emulsion PCR. In other embodiments, the electric field isolates a nanosensor proximate to the bead, to facilitate detection of at least one of local pH change, local conductivity change, local charge concentration change and local heat.

Abstract: A system for detecting a biomolecule comprises a nano-gap electrode device including a first electrode and a second electrode adjacent to the first electrode. The first electrode can be separated from the second electrode by a nano-gap that is dimensioned to permit the biomolecule to flow through the nano-gap. The nano-gap can have at least a first gap region and a second gap region. The second gap region can be oriented at an angle that is greater than zero degrees with respect to a plane having the first gap region. The system can further include an electrical circuit coupled to the nano-gap electrode device. The electrical circuit can receive electrical signals from the first electrode and the second electrode upon the flow of the biomolecule through the nano-gap.

Abstract: A system for treating a diseased site in a human or animal body. The system includes a pharmaceutical carrier including one or more phosphors which are capable of emitting light into the diseased site upon interaction, a photoactivatable drug for intercalating into DNA of cells at the diseased site, one or more devices which infuse the diseased sited with the photoactivatable drug and the pharmaceutical carrier, an x-ray or high energy electron source, and a processor programmed to control a dose of x-rays or electrons to the diseased site for production of light inside the tumor to activate the photoactivatable drug.

Abstract: A system for detecting a biomolecule comprises a nano-gap electrode device including a first electrode and a second electrode adjacent to the first electrode. The first electrode can be separated from the second electrode by a nano-gap that is dimensioned to permit the biomolecule to flow through the nano-gap. The nano-gap can have at least a first gap region and a second gap region. The second gap region can be oriented at an angle that is greater than zero degrees with respect to a plane having the first gap region. The system can further include an electrical circuit coupled to the nano-gap electrode device. The electrical circuit can receive electrical signals from the first electrode and the second electrode upon the flow of the biomolecule through the nano-gap.

Abstract: Systems and methods for biological data management may preserve alternative interpretations of data and may implement multi-level encryption and privacy management. Systems and methods for biological data management may include a cell-level architecture, a bank-and-bloc-level architecture, and/or a multi-tiered architecture. Systems and methods for biological data management may incorporate definitions, rules, and directives and/or employ a two-dimensional or three-dimensional data structure.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for creation of stable and consistent nanoelectrode pairs for detection of biomolecules, such as deoxyribonucleic acid.

Abstract: A phosphor-containing drug activator activatable from a Monte Carlo derived x-ray exposure for treatment of a diseased site. The activator includes an admixture or suspension of one or more phosphors capable of emitting ultraviolet and visible light upon interaction with x-rays, wherein a distribution of the phosphors in the diseased target site is based on a Monte Carlo derived x-ray dose distribution. A system for treating a disease in a subject in need thereof, includes the drug activator and a photoactivatable drug, one or more devices which infuse the photoactivatable drug and the activator including the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier into a diseased site in the subject; and an x-ray source which is controlled to deliver the Monte Carlo derived x-ray exposure to the subject for production of ultraviolet and visible light inside the subject to activate the photoactivatable drug and induce a persistent therapeutic response, the dose comprising a pulsed sequence of x-rays delivering from 0.

Abstract: A system for detecting a biomolecule comprises a nano-gap electrode device including a first electrode and a second electrode adjacent to the first electrode. The first electrode can be separated from the second electrode by a nano-gap that is dimensioned to permit the biomolecule to flow through the nano-gap. The nano-gap can have at least a first gap region and a second gap region. The second gap region can be oriented at an angle that is greater than zero degrees with respect to a plane having the first gap region. The system can further include an electrical circuit coupled to the nano-gap electrode device. The electrical circuit can receive electrical signals from the first electrode and the second electrode upon the flow of the biomolecule through the nano-gap.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides devices, systems and methods for sequencing nucleic acid molecules. A sequence of a nucleic acid molecule may be identified at high accuracy using a chip comprising an array of sensors, wherein each individual sensor comprises at least one nano-gap electrode pair configured to generate electrical signals upon flow of the nucleic acid molecule through or in proximity to at least one nano-gap of the nano-gap electrode pair.

Abstract: A system (and associated method) for treating a human or animal body. The system has a photoactivatable drug for treating a first diseased site, a first pharmaceutically acceptable carrier including one or more phosphorescent or fluorescent agents which are capable of emitting an activation energy into the body which activates the photoactivatable drug, a first device which infuses the first diseased site with a photoactivatable drug and the first pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, a first energy source which irradiates the diseased site with an initiation energy to thereby initiate emission of the activation energy into the body, and a supplemental treatment device which administers one or both of a therapeutic drug or radiation to the body at a second diseased site or the first diseased site, to provide an immune system stimulation in the body.

Abstract: A method and system for treating a subject with a disorder which provides within the subject at least one photoactivatable drug for treatment of the subject, applies initiation energy from at least one source to generate inside the subject a preferential x-ray flux for generation of Cherenkov radiation (CR) light capable of activating at least one photoactivatable drug, and from the CR light, activating inside the subject the at least one photoactivatable drug to thereby treat the disorder.

Abstract: A method for generating a radiation dose map of a dosimeter indicating a spatial distribution of radiation dose imparted to the dosimeter. The corrected radiation dose map may be generated with the computer system by applying temporal correction factor and spatial correction factors to a measured radiation dose map, the corrected radiation dose map having pixel values associated with the measured radiation dose having been corrected for temporal effects caused by changes in the measure of radiation dose imparted to the dosimeter between the first time point and the second time point, and for spatial effects caused by the sensitivity of the dosimeter to radiation measurements as a function of the spatial dimension.

Abstract: An optical computed tomography system for comprehensive end-to-end verification of the delivered dose in phantoms is described. The optical computed tomography system includes a light source that emits light; a detector; and a light-collimating tank arranged between the light source and the detector. The light-collimating tank itself includes a transparent substrate having a recessed region formed therein; an incident light surface formed on the transparent substrate; and an exit light surface formed on the transparent substrate opposite the incident light surface and shaped to focus light toward a focal region located outside of the transparent substrate. In some configurations, the incident light surface is shaped to collimate light impinging on the incident light surface into parallel rays that pass through the tank towards the exit light surface.

Abstract: A phosphor-containing drug activator activatable from a Monte Carlo derived x-ray exposure for treatment of a diseased site. The activator includes an admixture or suspension of one or more phosphors capable of emitting ultraviolet and visible light upon interaction with x-rays, wherein a distribution of the phosphors in the diseased target site is based on a Monte Carlo derived x-ray dose. A system for treating a disease in a subject in need thereof, includes the drug activator and a photoactivatable drug, one or more devices which infuse the photoactivatable drug and the activator including the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier into a diseased site in the subject; and an x-ray source which is controlled to deliver the Monte Carlo derived x-ray exposure to the subject for production of ultraviolet and visible light inside the subject to activate the photoactivatable drug.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods for sequencing protein samples are provided. In some examples, currents generated when a monomer passes through between electrodes of a nanogap electrode pair are measured for each of several different distances, so that monomers are identified when compared to a reference physical quantity of a known monomer, which may be obtained from a current measured with a similar inter-electrode distance(s) at which each of plural kinds of monomers are identifiable and ordered with predetermined accuracy and based on a detected physical quantity obtained from a tunneling current, which may be further normalized by the use of one or more reference substances.

Abstract: Devices and methods for detecting, identifying, and sequencing, compounds, complexes, and molecules are described. Electronic detection is combined with optical excitation to determine the presence or identity of an analyte of interest. Embodiments of the invention additionally provide devices and methods that allow highly parallel nucleic acid sequence determination.

Abstract: A system for treating a diseased site in a human or animal body. The system includes a pharmaceutical carrier including one or more phosphors which are capable of emitting light into the diseased site upon interaction, a photoactivatable drug for intercalating into DNA of cells at the diseased site, one or more devices which infuse the diseased sited with the photoactivatable drug and the pharmaceutical carrier, an x-ray or high energy electron source, and a processor programmed to control a dose of x-rays or electrons to the diseased site for production of light inside the tumor to activate the photoactivatable drug.