Abstract: A solenoid that includes a housing having an outer surface and an inner surface, the inner surface defining a bore through the housing and the outer surface including a flange extending therefrom. A gland nut having a threaded outer surface and an inner surface surrounds the outer surface of the housing, is rotatable relative to the housing, and abuts the flange.

Abstract: An improved fuel injector for an internal combustion engine generating very fine atomization of fuel even at initiation of the valve opening event and including a cylindrical valve element terminating in a semi-spherical end portion which engages a valve seat to close the injector, fuel quantity being controlled by cycling the valve alternately between opened and closed positions at a desired variable rate. Improved fuel atomization is generated by providing an annular space upstream of the valve seat, this annular space being so narrow and short as not to form a significant volume of motionless fuel when the valve is closed which would generate large fuel particles upon initiation of valve opening.

Abstract: An improved fuel injector for an internal combustion engine which produces highly accurate fuel delivery control by providing a precise closing of the valve without secondary openings caused by rebound or bouncing of the valve from its seat surface after initial closing. Valve rebound is eliminated by a hydraulic cushion formed between parallel surfaces of the movable valve and its stationary guide whereby a thin boundary layer of liquid fuel caught between closely spaced surfaces is compressed just prior to engagement of the valve with its valve seat. This generates an opposing force to the force tending to close the valve.

Abstract: An improved fuel injector for an internal combustion engine with structure which produces a counterforce on the injector valve subsequent to valve closing to inhibit substantial rebound movement of the valve away form its seating surface as caused by the impact of valve closing accompanied by elastic deformation of a valve and its seating surface. The counterforce is generated by creation of a reduced fluid pressure between closely spaced and parallel surfaces, one on the movable valve and the other on the stationary valve guide.

Abstract: An improved fuel injector for an internal combustion engine generating very fine atomization of fuel even at the initiation of a valve opening event and including a cylindrical valve element terminating in a semi-spherical end portion which engages a valve seat to close the injector. The fuel quantity is controlled by maintaining the valve in an opened operative positions for a predetermined variable period of time. Fuel atomization in the form of very small particles is generated by providing an annular chamber upstream of the valve seat, this annular chamber being very narrow and short as to form an insignificant volume of fuel even when the valve is closed and the fuel motionless.

Abstract: An improved electromagnetic actuator assembly with a fuel compatible bobbin part insertably supported in a recess of an engine fuel injector housing and sealed to prevent fuel leakage and any contact of fuel with the remaining portions of the actuator assembly. Resultantly, only the bobbin part is exposed to fuel and needs to be of costly fuel compatible material. The remainder of the actuator parts can be formed of more easily formed and less stable elastomeric material.

Abstract: A metal end cap for a high pressure fuel injector prevents leakage of fuel as a result of high pressures within the injector. The terminals for the solenoid are insulated from the cap by means a plurality of insulating spacers on either side of a high pressure O-ring seal. The metal end cap is sealed by means of a high press O-ring seal from the body of the injector.

Abstract: The dynamic range of an electromagnetic fuel injector is extended by means of a second solenoid coil that controls the position of a stop for the reciprocating armature that is operated by the usual solenoid coil.

Abstract: An electro-mechanical fuel injector comprising: a housing and valve seat including a valve setting surface and a metering orifice disposed at a lower end of the housing. An armature assembly is movable relative to the valve seating surface for opening and closing the metering orifice and includes an armature and a pin extending therefrom and adapted to engage the seating surface; a coil assembly and spring are provided to move the armature assembly in a direction to open and close the metering orifice. The injector includes a fluid chamber defined upstream of the metering orifice, in surrounding relation to a portion of the armature assembly. A damping assembly is also provided, movable with the armature assembly, for generating a viscous shear damping force by interacting with the wall of the chamber.