Abstract: A power module includes: a first substrate having an outer surface and an inner surface, the first substrate extending from a first longitudinal end toward a second longitudinal end; a semiconductor die coupled to the inner surface of the first substrate; and a second substrate having an outer surface and an inner surface, the semiconductor die being coupled to the inner surface of the second substrate, the second substrate extending from a first longitudinal end toward a second longitudinal end, wherein the first longitudinal end of the first substrate is longitudinally offset from the first longitudinal end of the second substrate.

Abstract: A power module includes: a first substrate having an outer surface and an inner surface; a semiconductor die coupled to the inner surface of the first substrate; a second substrate having an outer surface and an inner surface, the semiconductor die being coupled to the inner surface of the second substrate; and a first electrically conductive spacer coupled to inner surface of the first substrate and to the inner surface of the second substrate.

Abstract: A power module includes: a first substrate having an outer surface and an inner surface; a semiconductor die coupled to the inner surface of the first substrate; a second substrate having an outer surface and an inner surface, the semiconductor die being coupled to the inner surface of the second substrate; and a flex circuit coupled to the semiconductor die.

Abstract: A system includes: an inverter configured to convert DC power from a battery to AC power to drive a motor, wherein the inverter includes: a power module including: a first substrate including a first conductive layer; a second substrate including a second conductive layer; a power switch between the first substrate and the second substrate; and a flex layer between the first substrate and the second substrate, the flex layer electrically connected to the power switch.

Abstract: A system includes: an inverter configured to convert DC power from a battery to AC power to drive a motor, wherein the inverter includes: a first power module, the first power module including: a first substrate including a first conductive layer; a second substrate including a second conductive layer; a power switch between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, the power switch including a gate connection, wherein the power switch is configured to selectively electrically connect the first conductive layer to the second conductive layer based on a signal to the gate connection; and a point-of-use controller between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, the point-of-use controller configured to provide the signal to the gate connection to control the power switch.

Abstract: A power module includes: a first substrate having an outer surface and an inner surface, the first substrate extending from a first longitudinal end toward a second longitudinal end; a power switch including a semiconductor die, the power switch being coupled to the inner surface of the first substrate; a second substrate having an outer surface and an inner surface, the power switch being coupled to the inner surface of the second substrate, the second substrate extending from a first longitudinal end toward a second longitudinal end, wherein the first longitudinal end of the first substrate is longitudinally offset from the first longitudinal end of the second substrate; a first electrically conductive spacer coupled to inner surface of the first substrate and to the inner surface of the second substrate; and a flex circuit coupled to the power switch.

Abstract: A system for an inverter includes a first integrated circuit configured to: provide power to a first set of switches, and selectively control the first set of switches and a second set of switches; a second integrated circuit configured to provide power to the second set of switches; and an electric motor being connected to the first set of switches and the second set of switches, wherein, the second integrated circuit is further configured to: in response to an a fault detected in the first integrated circuit, selectively control the first set of switches and the second set of switches, and, in response to at least one voltage value corresponding to a voltage of the first set of switches being outside of a threshold, performing a safe state operation.

Abstract: A system for a direct-current (DC) to alternating current (AC) inverter includes: a memory configured to store instructions; a main microcontroller configured to execute the stored instructions to control the inverter during non-timing-critical operation; and a safety controller configured to control the inverter during timing-critical operation.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a first analog-to-digital converter configured to measure a first reference voltage and a third reference voltage. The apparatus also includes a second analog-to-digital converter configured to measure a second reference voltage and a fourth reference voltage. The apparatus also includes a controller configured to calculate a first resistance ratio, and determine a positive high voltage associated with the positive high voltage direct current input signal based, at least in part, on the first resistance ratio. The controller is further configured to calculate a second resistance ratio, and determine a negative high voltage associated with the negative high voltage direct current input signal based, at least in part, on the second resistance ratio.

Abstract: A system for an inverter includes a first integrated circuit configured to: provide power to a first set of switches, and selectively control the first set of switches and a second set of switches; a second integrated circuit configured to provide power to the second set of switches; and an electric motor being connected to the first set of switches and the second set of switches, wherein, the second integrated circuit is further configured to: in response to an a fault detected in the first integrated circuit, selectively control the first set of switches and the second set of switches, and, in response to at least one voltage value corresponding to a voltage of the first set of switches being outside of a threshold, performing a safe state operation.

Abstract: An oxygen sensor is in a system including compensator circuitry connected to the oxygen sensor. The oxygen sensor includes a pump cell and the compensator circuitry includes a feedback control loop which includes a digital compensator which determines and outputs a compensation current to the pump cell or adjusts a pump cell voltage. A method of controlling the oxygen sensor includes, subsequent to a period of time when the feedback control loop is disrupted, pumping a balancing current into or out the pump cell for a balancing time interval, the balancing current and/or the balancing time interval is dependent on a current pumped into or out of the pump cell prior to the feedback control loop being disrupted.

Abstract: An apparatus is configured to determine the leakage resistance in respect of the positive and/or negative terminals of a vehicle battery. The apparatus includes a first pair of serially arranged resistors connected between the terminals with a first switch connected between the resistors and a second pair of serially arranged resistors connected between the vehicle chassis/nominal ground and the negative terminal or the positive terminal, with a second switch connected between the resistors. A further fifth resistor is connected between the vehicle chassis/nominal ground, and the negative terminal or the positive terminal via a third switch, and a controller is configured to selectively control the switches during processing steps.

Abstract: A method of operating an oxygen sensor system is provided where the system includes an oxygen sensor, the oxygen sensor including a pump cell, and wherein the oxygen sensor is connected to associated circuitry such that the associated circuitry controls operation of the pump cell. The pump cell includes a pump line connected to a pump electrode of the pump cell and a return line connected to a return electrode of the pump cell. The method includes, subsequent to a diagnostic process, raising the potential of the pump line for a predetermined period of time by injecting current onto the pump line.

Abstract: An apparatus is configured to determine the leakage resistance in respect of the positive and/or negative terminals of a vehicle battery. The apparatus includes a first pair of serially arranged resistors connected between the terminals with a first switch connected between the resistors and a second pair of serially arranged resistors connected between the vehicle chassis/nominal ground and the negative terminal or the positive terminal, with a second switch connected between the resistors. A further fifth resistor is connected between the vehicle chassis/nominal ground, and the negative terminal or the positive terminal via a third switch, and a controller is configured to selectively control the switches during processing steps.

Abstract: A method of operating an oxygen sensor system is provided where the system includes an oxygen sensor, the oxygen sensor including a pump cell, and wherein the oxygen sensor is connected to associated circuitry such that the associated circuitry controls operation of the pump cell. The pump cell includes a pump line connected to a pump electrode of the pump cell and a return line connected to a return electrode of the pump cell. The method includes, subsequent to a diagnostic process, raising the potential of the pump line for a predetermined period of time by injecting current onto the pump line.

Abstract: An oxygen sensor is in a system including compensator circuitry connected to the oxygen sensor. The oxygen sensor includes a pump cell and the compensator circuitry includes a feedback control loop which includes a digital compensator which determines and outputs a compensation current to the pump cell or adjusts a pump cell voltage. A method of controlling the oxygen sensor includes, subsequent to a period of time when the feedback control loop is disrupted, pumping a balancing current into or out the pump cell for a balancing time interval, the balancing current and/or the balancing time interval is dependent on a current pumped into or out of the pump cell prior to the feedback control loop being disrupted.

Abstract: An oxygen sensor system includes an oxygen sensor and associated circuitry connected thereto. The oxygen sensor including a reference cell. The associated circuitry measures the impedance of the reference cell at time intervals, wherein the time intervals include a random component.

Abstract: An oxygen sensor system includes an oxygen sensor and associated circuitry connected thereto. The oxygen sensor including a reference cell. The associated circuitry measures the impedance of the reference cell at time intervals, wherein the time intervals include a random component.

Abstract: A method is proved for pinpointing a short-circuit in a wide-range air/fuel sensor having one or more sensor-terminals that include a reference-terminal, a pump-terminal, a return-terminal, and a tag-terminal. The method includes controlling a connection of a source of electric current to the one or more sensor-terminals; determining one or more status-values based on signals present at the sensor-terminals; and determining a sensor-status of the wide-range air/fuel sensor based on the connection of source of electric current and the one or more status-values.

Abstract: Compensator circuitry is provided for an oxygen sensor which includes a pump cell and a reference cell. The compensator circuitry includes a feedback control loop which maintains the reference cell at a reference voltage. The feedback control loop includes a digital compensator which determines and outputs a compensation current to the pump cell dependent on a reference voltage measured from the reference cell. The digital compensator also suspends the determination and output of the compensation current for a set time which is dependent on detection of edges in an oxygen sensor heater Pulse Width Modulation signal.