Abstract: A radar array linearly traverses an area of ground. Additional radar elements fore and aft of the array detect changes in elevation and orientation of the array. These elements act as a preview for the height changes due to ground variation. Any variation in height that is not detected by these fore and aft-mounted elements is thus due to variation in radar elevation and/or orientation and can be subtracted from the resulting data without introducing distortion. Correction factors are applied to the range data returned from each element in the array, which normalizes the data and makes it appear as if the array did not change orientation or elevation.

Abstract: Time domain radar signals are transmitted and received from vee dipole antennas on circuit boards. The antennas are formed by spaced deposited copper pads and discrete surface mount resistors soldered between the copper pads. The antenna feed-points are connected directly to adjacent transmitting and receiving circuits on the same printed circuit board. Traces are printed on a middle layer of a strip of printed circuit board. Vias connect ground planes on opposite sides. Artifacts are reduced, and signal properties are controlled.