Abstract: The invention describes novel compositions of crosslinkers that include at least two pendent photoactivatable groups, such as benzophenone moieties, and an initiator, such as acetophenone.

Abstract: The invention describes novel compositions of crosslinkers that include at least two pendent photoactivatable groups, such as benzophenone moieties, and an initiator, such as acetophenone.

Abstract: Surfaces are provided with desired characteristics of a polymer by covalently bonding polymer molecules to the surface through external activation of latent reactive groups carried by the polymer molecules. The initial surfaces are free of chemical groups added by surface pretreatement and which chemically participate in the covalent bonding process.

Abstract: A chemical specie is immobilized in a three dimensional, crosslinked matrix by bringing together in covalent bonding proximity a desired chemical specie and a polymeric coupling compound such as a photoderivatized polymer having at least two latent photochemical reactive groups per molecule, each latent reactive group being capable when activated of covalently bonding to another coupling compound molecule or to the chemical specie. The chemical specie may be a protein, carbohydrate, nucleic acid or lipid, and desirably is free of latent reactive groups that are activated upon activation of the latent reactive groups of the coupling compound. The latent reactive groups are simultaneously activated to cause formation via covalent bonding of a three-dimensional molecular network in which molecules of the chemical specie are covalently bonded to molecules of the coupling compound, and molecules of the coupling compound are covalently bonded to each other.

Abstract: Surfaces are provided with desired characteristics of a polymer by covalently bonding polymer molecules to the surface through external activation (e.g., actinic radiation) of latent reactive groups, such as photoactivatable ketones, carried by the polymer molecules. The initial surfaces are free of chemical groups added by surface pretreatement and which chemically participate in the covalent bonding process.

Abstract: A method wherein surfaces are provided with desired characteristics of a polymer by covalently bonding polymer molecules to the surface through external activation of latent reactive groups carried by the polymer molecules is disclosed. The initial surfaces are free of chemical groups added by surface pretreatment and which chemically participate in the covalent bonding process.This application is a divisional of application Ser. No. 223,149, filed July 22, 1988 now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 138,226, filed Dec. 24, 1987 now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 920,567, filed Oct. 17, 1986 now abandoned and of U.S. Ser. No. 108,765, filed Oct.15, 1987 now U.S. Pat. No. 4,973,493 which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 428,074 now U.S. Pat. No. 4,722,906 filed Sept. 29, 1982, and of U.S. application Ser. No. 920,567 filed Oct. 17, 1986.