Abstract: Compounds formed by combining a carboxylic acid herbicide with N—((C1-C16) alkyl or arylalkyl) tri((C1-C16) alkyl)ammonium hydroxide have herbicidal activity on an acid equivalent basis at least as active as the commercially used carboxylic acid herbicide salts, but are less volatile.

Abstract: Compounds formed by combining a carboxylic acid herbicide with N-((C1-C16) alkyl or arylalkyl) tri((C1-C16) alkyl)ammonium hydroxide have herbicidal activity on an acid equivalent basis at least as active as the commercially used carboxylic acid herbicide salts, but are less volatile.

Abstract: Compounds formed by combining a carboxylic acid herbicide with N—((C1-C16) alkyl or arylalkyl) tri((C1-C16) alkyl)ammonium hydroxide have herbicidal activity on an acid equivalent basis at least as active as the commercially used carboxylic acid herbicide salts, but are less volatile.

Abstract: Provided are methods for introducing a molecule of interest into a plant cell comprising a cell wall. Methods are provided for genetically or otherwise modifying plants and for treating or preventing disease in plant cells comprising a cell wall.

Abstract: Provided are methods for introducing a molecule of interest into a plant cell comprising a cell wall. Methods are provided for genetically or otherwise modifying plants and for treating or preventing disease in plant cells comprising a cell wall.

Abstract: Provided are methods for introducing a molecule of interest into a plant cell comprising a cell wall. Methods are provided for genetically or otherwise modifying plants and for treating or preventing disease in plant cells comprising a cell wall.

Abstract: Compounds formed by combining a carboxylic acid herbicide with N-((C1-C16)alkyl or arylalkyl) tri(C1-C16)alkyl)ammonium hydroxide have herbicidal activity on an acid equivalent basis at least as active as the commercially used carboxylic acid herbicide salts, but are less volatile.

Abstract: Compounds formed by combining a carboxylic acid herbicide with N—((C1-C16)alkyl or arylalkyl) tri((C1-C16)alkyl)ammonium hydroxide have herbicidal activity on an acid equivalent basis at least as active as the commercially used carboxylic acid herbicide salts, but are less volatile.

Abstract: Compounds formed by combining a carboxylic acid herbicide with N—((C1-C16) alkyl or arylalkyl) tri((C1-C16) alkyl)ammonium hydroxide have herbicidal activity on an acid equivalent basis at least as active as the commercially used carboxylic acid herbicide salts, but are less volatile.

Abstract: Provided are methods for introducing a molecule of interest into a plant cell comprising a cell wall. Methods are provided for genetically or otherwise modifying plants and for treating or preventing disease in plant cells comprising a cell wall.

Abstract: Provided are methods for introducing a molecule of interest into a plant cell comprising a cell wall. Methods are provided for genetically or otherwise modifying plants and for treating or preventing disease in plant cells comprising a cell wall.

Abstract: 2-Substituted-5-(1-alkylthio)alkylpyridines are produced efficiently and in high yield by cyclization and thioalkylation.

Abstract: 2-Substituted-5-(1-alkylthio)alkylpyridines are produced efficiently and in high yield by cyclization and thioalkylation.

Abstract: Provided are methods for introducing a molecule of interest into a plant cell comprising a cell wall. Methods are provided for genetically or otherwise modifying plants and for treating or preventing disease in plant cells comprising a cell wall.

Abstract: Ionic liquids, formed by combining a carboxylic acid herbicide with certain trialkylamines or heteroarylamines, have herbicidal activity on an acid equivalent basis at least as active as the commercially used carboxylic acid herbicide salts, but are less volatile.

Abstract: Compounds formed by combining a carboxylic acid herbicide with N—((C1-C16)alkyl or arylalkyl) tri((C1-C16)alkyl)ammonium hydroxide have herbicidal activity on an acid equivalent basis at least as active as the commercially used carboxylic acid herbicide salts, but are less volatile.

Abstract: New synthetic procedures for preparing insecticidal 3-(substituted phenyl)-5-(thienyl or furyl)-1,2,4-triazoles utilizing thioimidate intermediate.

Abstract: 1-Halo-2-chloro-3-alkoxy-4-alkylsulfonylbenzene and 1-halo-2,3-dichloro-4-alkylsulfonylbenzene compounds were converted to compounds having hydroxycarbonyl or alkoxycarbonyl substituents in place of the 1-halo substituent by reaction with carbon monoxide and water or an alcohol respectively, in the presence of a palladium II salt: trihydrocarbylphosphine complex type catalyst.

Abstract: Herbicidal 1-alkyl-4-(2-chloro-3-alkoxy-4-alkylsulfonylbenzoyl)-5-hydroxypyrazole compounds, as well as 1-halo-2-chloro-3-alkoxy-4-alkylsulfonylbenzene compounds and 2-chloro-3-alkoxy-4-alkylsulfonylbenzoic acid compounds, were prepared in good yield by the reaction of the corresponding 3-chloro compound with an alkali metal alkoxide compound. 1-Halo-2-chloro-3-alkoxy-4-alkylsulfonylbenzene and 1-halo-2,3-dichloro-4-alkylsulfonylbenzene compounds were converted to compounds having hydroxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or 1-alkyl-5-hydroxypyrazole-4-carbonyl substituents in place of the 1-halo substituent by reaction with carbon monoxide and water, an alcohol, or a 1-alkyl-5-hydroxypyrazole compound, respectively, in the presence of a palladium II salt:trihydrocarbylphosphine complex type catalyst.

Abstract: A process for making 2,6-difluorobenzonitrile, comprising reacting 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile with a substantially anhydrous metal fluoride at a temperature between about 160.degree. C. and about 300.degree. C. and in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst, which is typically a polyether, tetra-substituted phosphonium salt, tetra-substituted ammonium salt, and cryptand, but in the absence of a solvent. After taking off the product the resulting mixture may be recycled into the reactor for the next reaction cycle. Upon build-up of tars in the reaction process, the invention includes the separation of catalyst from the tars and the recycle thereof.