Abstract: Method of performing condensation reactions, acylations or of preparing heterocycles comprising forming cyclic phosphonic anhydride of the formula (III) by a) reacting phosphonic acid derivatives of formula (I) with acetic anhydride at a temperature ranging between 30 and 150° C. while separating a mixture of ethanoic acid and acetic anhydride by means of distillation, b) then reactively distilling the oligomeric phosphonic acid anhydrides of formula (II) obtained in step a) and transforming the same into the corresponding cyclic trimeric phosphonic acid anhydrides of formula (III), wherein n represents a number between 0 and 300 while R represents allyl, aryl, or open-chain, cyclic, or branched C1 to C8 alkyl radicals, aryloxy, allyloxy, or alkoxy comprising open-chain, cyclic, or branched C1 to C8 alkyl radicals. Preferably the cyclic trimeric phosphonic acid anhydrides formed in step b) are immediately dissolved in an organic solvent that exhibits an inert behavior relative thereto.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing cyclic phosphonic acid anhydrides of formula (III) by a) reacting phosphonic acid derivatives of formula (I) with acetic anhydride at a temperature ranging between 30 and 150° C. while separating a mixture of ethanoic acid and acetic anhydride by means of distillation, b) then reactively distilling the oligomeric phosphonic acid anhydrides of formula (II) obtained in step a) and transforming the same into the corresponding cyclic trimeric phosphonic acid anhydrides of formula (III), wherein n represents a number between 0 and 300 while R represents allyl, aryl, or open-chain, cyclic, or branched C1 to C8 alkyl radicals, aryloxy, allyloxy, or alkoxy comprising open-chain, cyclic, or branched C1 to C8 alkyl radicals. Preferably the cyclic trimeric phosphonic acid anhydrides formed in step b) are immediately dissolved in an organic solvent that exhibits an inert behavior relative thereto.

Abstract: Method of performing condensation reactions, acylations or of preparing heterocycles comprising forming cyclic phosphonic anhydride of the formula (III) by a) reacting phosphonic acid derivatives of formula (I) with acetic anhydride at a temperature ranging between 30 and 150° C. while separating a mixture of ethanoic acid and acetic anhydride by means of distillation, b) then reactively distilling the oligomeric phosphonic acid anhydrides of formula (II) obtained in step a) and transforming the same into the corresponding cyclic trimeric phosphonic acid anhydrides of formula (III), wherein n represents a number between 0 and 300 while R represents allyl, aryl, or open-chain, cyclic, or branched C1 to C8 alkyl radicals, aryloxy, allyloxy, or alkoxy comprising open-chain, cyclic, or branched C1 to C8 alkyl radicals. Preferably the cyclic trimeric phosphonic acid anhydrides formed in step b) are immediately dissolved in an organic solvent that exhibits an inert behavior relative thereto.

Abstract: Method and computer program product for navigating a map in a browser window of a user device via the Internet are disclosed. The method includes providing a first map for showing geographic context of a general area, providing a second map for showing geographic context of a portion of the general area, superimposing the second map onto the first map, wherein the second map is represented by a highlighted area in the first map, and navigating the first map using the highlighted area. The method further includes displaying points of interest inside the highlighted area of the first map and in the second map for assisting a user in navigating to the points of interest, and displaying additional points of interest outside the shaded area of the first map for assisting a user in navigating to the additional points of interest.

Abstract: Method and computer program product for presenting a set of address locations in a browser window of a user device via the Internet are disclosed. The method includes receiving a set of address locations in a given order, presenting the set of address locations as a list of directions, and presenting the set of address locations graphically on a map, where the map includes a route connecting the set of address locations according to the given order and a marker for each of the address locations. The method further includes creating a new order of the set of address locations from the given order by dragging an address location from the map to a different position in the list of directions, updating the list of directions according to the new order of the set of address locations, and updating the map according to the new order of the set of address locations.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing cyclic phosphonic acid anhydrides of formula (III) by a) reacting phosphonic acid derivatives of formula (I) with acetic anhydride at a temperature ranging between 30 and 150° C. while separating a mixture of ethanoic acid and acetic anhydride by means of distillation, b) then reactively distilling the oligomeric phosphonic acid anhydrides of formula (II) obtained in step a) and transforming the same into the corresponding cyclic trimeric phosphonic acid anhydrides of formula (III), wherein n represents a number between 0 and 300 while R represents allyl, aryl, or open-chain, cyclic, or branched C1 to C8 alkyl radicals, aryloxy, allyloxy, or alkoxy comprising open-chain, cyclic, or branched C1 to C8 alkyl radicals. Preferably the cyclic trimeric phosphonic acid anhydrides formed in step b) are immediately dissolved in an organic solvent that exhibits an inert behavior relative thereto.

Abstract: The invention on hand refers to diseases associated with abnormal protein structures, including Alzheimer's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob's disease, BSE and other prion-associated diseases. It is the task of the invention on hand to provide new active agents preventing the formation of amyloid plaques and to dissolve existing plaques, such agents being convenient for therapy, diagnosis and prophylaxis of diseases that are associated with abnormal protein structures. This task is performed in terms of the current invention by heterocyclic or aromatic agents with a rigid structure and a donor-acceptor-donor pattern (DAD), the latter being formed by donors and acceptors of hydrogen bridge linkages which comply with the ?-sheet structure of the peptide or protein and thus fit as binding partners. The heterocyclic or aromatic agents are available at least as dimers. They recognise peptides and proteins with a ?-sheet structure, form stable complexes with them and inhibit their aggregation to ?-amyloid plaques.

Abstract: An air bag system for use as a vehicle safety restraint, and a method for installing an air bag in a vehicle. The system comprises a folded air bag, means for securing the air bag to an instrument panel armature of the vehicle (e.g. by studs), a gas generator for inflating the air bag, a flexible air bag cover, a layer of foam preferably bonded to the cover, and layer of skin preferably bonded to the foam. The skin is of a material and finish consistent with the decorative finish to the vehicle and has a line of weakness adapted to split when subjected to a predetermined pressure such as that generated by the air bag inflating, to release the inflating air bag through the cover and the foam and skin layers. Preferably the line of weakness is arranged to perpendicularly intersect the direction of gas flow from the inflator so that release of the gas applies a point pressure on the line of weakness causing the skin to effectively zipper open and release the air bag.