Abstract: The invention relates to a method for enhancing an antenna performance, wherein the property of the antenna substrate is modified by using an ultra-sonic field. The invention also relates to an antenna comprising the modified antenna substrate, and to an apparatus comprising the modified antenna substrate.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing a determination of implicit recommendations may include a processing element. The processing element may be configured to receive sensor data from at least one sensor, determine context information associated with the at least one sensor, and determine an implicit recommendation based on the sensor data and the context information.

Abstract: A method and system improves data throughput when performing error control in Ultra Wideband (UWB) communications. The method and system is capable of performing communications via a first wireless communications link and a second wireless communications link. The first wireless communications link is a UWB transmission link and the second wireless communications link is a different type of wireless communications link for communicating error control data for the UWB transmission link.

Abstract: An optical keyboard having a plurality of keys formed on a sheet of transparent material used as light guide. Each key is a dome-shaped element such that the light beam launched into one end of the dome-shaped element spreads over at least part of the dome-shaped element and then converges at another end. The intensity of the re-focused light beam at the converging end can be sensed by a photosensor. When a key is pressed, the deformity on the dome-shaped element changes the focusing properties of the key and thus the sensed light intensity. The dome-shaped elements can be used as individual keys or as a group of keys arranged in a two-dimensional matrix.

Abstract: The techniques described transmit messages from a mobile device to a digital television (or other media) appliance. One technique associates a mobile unit with a customer premise equipment (CPE) device where the CPE device is a media device at a first location and the mobile unit is at a second location distant from the first location.

Abstract: A method, system, devices and computer programs for storing data content from a data communication network in a remote computer are shown. In the method data provided by a data content server of a data communication network is browsed using a mobile terminal. A link to data content which may be provided by the data content server is selected. Furthermore, a remote computer connected to the data communication network is selected with the mobile terminal as a destination device for storing the selected data content. Finally, the selected data content is stored in the selected remote computer.

Abstract: A method indicates quality of service status of a wireless communications network to a user. The method includes monitoring at least one quality of service parameter associated with the network. The method also includes delivering a value of the at least one quality of service parameter to a user terminal in the network and displaying an indicator of the quality of service status at the user terminal based on the value of the at least one quality of service parameter.

Abstract: An optical keyboard having a plurality of keys formed on a sheet of transparent material used as light guide. Each key is a dome-shaped element such that the light beam launched into one end of the dome-shaped element spreads over at least part of the dome-shaped element and then converges at another end. The intensity of the re-focused light beam at the converging end can be sensed by a photosensor. When a key is pressed, the deformity on the dome-shaped element changes the focusing properties of the key and thus the sensed light intensity. The dome-shaped elements can be used as individual keys or as a group of keys arranged in a two-dimensional matrix.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods are provided for simultaneous battery charging and data transfer in a mobile terminal. The invention utilizes power line communication networks to transfer data between a mobile terminal and other remote digital devices. As such, the present invention can provide data transfer to and from the mobile terminal while the mobile terminal is undergoing requisite battery charging.

Abstract: A method and system improves data throughput when performing error control in Ultra Wideband (UWB) communications. The method and system is capable of performing communications via a first wireless communications link and a second wireless communications link. The first wireless communications link is a UWB transmission link and the second wireless communications link is a different type of wireless communications link for communicating error control data for the UWB transmission link.

Abstract: In a mobile environment, a mobile device includes an attached memory stick (removable memory) having a high speed—memory and storage with direct memory access embodied in an integrated circuit chip coupled to an ultra-wideband (UWB) transceiver. The mobile device communicates with other like base devices, portable or stationary, via UWB transmissions using pulse bursts up to 1 Gbit per second. Data transfers between the devices occur in the simplex or duplex mode, after a low power communication connection is established between the devices. The communication link between the devices is in the range of 10-20 meters. The communication system allows existing device bus interfaces (which are much slower than ultra-wideband transmissions) to communicate between the fast read/write cycles of the memories integrated within the memory stick. Duplex transmission can occur by pulse interleaving sending side transmitters and receiving side transmitters.

Abstract: An optical data transmission system (200) comprises a hub (202), an optical router (210) and a plurality of optically pumped sources (212) at a kerb location (208), and a plurality of ONUs (204). The ONUs generate and transmit respective data modulated pumping light to the kerb location where it is received by the optically pumped sources which convert it into the wavelength channels having predefined wavelength ranges assigned to respective ONUs. The optical router routes the wavelength channels for transmission to the hub.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical coder and a method for coding a signal in an optical fibre network, which signal is divided into bit periods, each bit period containing one or no short light pulse. In order to achieve reduced multiple access interference and at the same time an increased security, the each short light pulse is spread in time according to a predetermined code into a predetermined number of chips distributed over several bit periods and afterward, the chips are combined in a single signal again. The proposed optical coder comprises means (20-25) for such temporal spreading and means (21′-23′) for combining the spread chips again.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for compensating signal dispersion in an optical communication network and to an optical communication network. The dispersion compensation is carried out by constructing the network in such a way that a route having an even number of phase conjugating means can be found between any two nodes. The routing is primarily made along a route in which there is the minimum even number of phase conjugating means between the terminal nodes. A preferred embodiment of the invention is a ring network constructed of two concentric rings in such a way that both rings comprise the same node points, but the number of phase conjugating means to be installed in said rings, in the optical fibers between adjacent nodes is, for example, even in the outer ring and odd in the inner ring.

Abstract: Interworking of optical protection in an optical network and IP-layer protection in the Internet is achieved by configuring optical links to form a part of a ring network and by arranging different protection types for different links. Each optical link is provided with an appropriate protection level corresponding to the nature of Internet traffic being transmitted over the link. The highest protection level is achieved with 1+1 protection. The optical layer can offer this protection for high priority Internet traffic that does not tolerate delay. The middle and the low protection level are achieved with 1:1 protection. The low protection level of a link does not guarantee uninterrupted transmission of the Internet traffic, in case of link failure caused by a fiber cut. Optical signaling at the optical layer takes care of protection wherein the IP-layer does not know when protection actions are carried out.

Abstract: The invention relates to a OCDMA network architectures. In order to achieve a less expensive frequency-hopping coding for a high number of users, the network comprices: a plurality of means (81) for passband filtering and multiplexing broadband signals, each of said means (81) being assigned to a group of users (80) and filtering a broadband signal provided by a user (80) of the respective group with a different frequency passband and multiplexing the filtered signals of the users (80) of one group; a periodic optical coder (82) assigned to each group of users (80) for encoding the signals multiplexed by the means (81) for filtering and multiplexing, each coder (82) using a different code for encoding the signals originating from the different groups; and means (83) for combining the signals output by the coders (82) to a single broadband signal. The invention equally relates to a further architecture, suitable coders and corresponding methods.

Abstract: The invention concerns an optical add/drop multiplexer for the node of a telecommunications system. In the telecommunications system wavelength multiplexing is used to transmit along an optical fiber a main system signal including several different signals. The signals are transmitted each with its own wavelength and of the signals it is possible to drop and to add desired chosen optical signals having different wavelengths (&lgr;1 . . . &lgr;N, (N>1). The add/drop multiplexer includes a group formed by direction selective organs and wavelength selective organs. Several such groups are connected to each other by connecting to each other gates of direction selective organs in the group. At least some of the other gates of the direction selective organs in the groups are used as gates of the add/drop multiplexer, so that the type of each gate to be used is chosen from a set including a unidirectional add gate, a unidirectional drop gate and a bi-directional add/drop gate.

Abstract: The invention relates to protection of an optical transmission connection. From the transmitting end of the connection, the same optical signal is transmitted along a first path and a second path to the receiving end, where the power level of the signal received from each path is monitored, and one of the paths is selected as the working path and the signal arriving from the said path is connected to the receiver, whereby the other path remains as a redundancy path. For the transmission connection to preserve an optimum performance also when the power level difference between the paths is varying, that path is at each time selected as the working path, where the received signal is considered at the moment in question to have the higher power level. The selection is always carried out when the power level difference between the signals reaches a predetermined threshold value, irrespective of the power level of the signal received at that time from the working path.

Abstract: The invention concerns an optical add/drop multiplexer for the node of a telecommunications system. In the telecommunications system wavelength multiplexing is used to transmit along an optical fiber a main system signal including several different signals. The signals are transmitted each with its own wavelength and of the signals it is possible to drop and to add desired chosen optical signals having different wavelengths (&lgr;1 . . . &lgr;N, (N>1). The add/drop multiplexer includes a group formed by direction selective organs and wavelength selective organs. Several such groups are connected to each other by connecting to each other gates of direction selective organs in the group. At least some of the other gates of the direction selective organs in the groups are used as gates of the add/drop multiplexer, so that the type of each gate to be used is chosen from a set including a unidirectional add gate, a unidirectional drop gate and a bi-directional add/drop gate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for compensating signal dispersion in an optical communication network and to an optical communication network. The dispersion compensation is carried out by constructing the network in such a way that a route having an even number of phase conjugating means can be found between any two nodes. The routing is primarily made along a route in which there is the minimum even number of phase conjugating means between the terminal nodes. A preferred embodiment of the invention is a ring network constructed of two concentric rings in such a way that both rings comprise the same node points, but the number of phase conjugating means to be installed in said rings, in the optical fibers between adjacent nodes is, for example, even in the outer ring and odd in the inner ring.