Abstract: A spectacle lens includes at least one substrate and at least one photochromic layer. The spectacle lens exhibits no swelling of the coating and/or of the substrate in the event of at least one damage to the surface of the spectacle lens with a force of ?65 m N after contamination of the surface of the spectacle lens with at least one organic acid over a period from a range of 12 hours to 84 hours. Further, a method for producing the spectacle lens and the use of at least one chemically modified layer and/or at least one barrier layer for coating a spectacle lens substrate is disclosed.

Abstract: A refractive optical component has a main body with a plurality m of optical layers extending between a front side and a back side, each layer having a thickness, wherein each of the layers extends over a region common to all layers, the common region being greater than the maximum thickness of the respective layer by at least a factor of 10, wherein the thickness of the layers varies over the extent thereof transversely to the principal axis, and wherein the main body has a refractive index curve (n=n(x, y, z)), modulated at least in the direction parallel to the principal axis, with a plurality of maxima and minima, a distance between adjacent maxima and minima ranging between 0.5 ?m and 100 ?m and a refractive index difference ?n between adjacent maxima and minima ranging between 10?4 and 0.3.

Abstract: A refractive optical component has a main body with a plurality m of optical layers extending between a front side and a back side, each layer having a thickness, wherein each of the layers extends over a region common to all layers, the common region being greater than the maximum thickness of the respective layer by at least a factor of 10, wherein the thickness of the layers varies over the extent thereof transversely to the principal axis, and wherein the main body has a refractive index curve (n=n(x, y, z)), modulated at least in the direction parallel to the principal axis, with a plurality of maxima and minima, a distance between adjacent maxima and minima ranging between 0.5 ?m and 100 ?m and a refractive index difference ?n between adjacent maxima and minima ranging between 10?4 and 0.3.

Abstract: A spectacle lens includes at least one substrate and at least one photochromic layer. The spectacle lens exhibits no swelling of the coating and/or of the substrate in the event of at least one damage to the surface of the spectacle lens with a force of ?65 m N after contamination of the surface of the spectacle lens with at least one organic acid over a period from a range of 12 hours to 84 hours. Further, a method for producing the spectacle lens and the use of at least one chemically modified layer and/or at least one barrier layer for coating a spectacle lens substrate is disclosed.

Abstract: A spectacle lens contains, starting from the object-sided front surface of the spectacle lens to the opposite rear-side of the spectacle lens, at least a) one component A including an ultrathin glass, b) one component B including at least one polymer material and/or at least one mineral glass, c) one component C, including at least one functional layer and/or an ultra-thin glass. A method for producing such a spectacle lens is also disclosed.

Abstract: A spectacle lens contains, starting from the object-sided front surface of the spectacle lens to the opposite rear-side of the spectacle lens, at least a) one component A including an ultrathin glass, b) one component B including at least one polymer material and/or at least one mineral glass, c) one component C, including at least one functional layer and/or an ultra-thin glass. A method for producing such a spectacle lens is also disclosed.

Abstract: An optical element has a substrate body made from transparent plastic and a coating having multiple layers. The coating includes a hard lacquer layer adjoining the substrate. The coating has a diffusivity ensuring the absorption of water molecules passing through the coating in the substrate and the release of water molecules from the substrate through the coating from an air atmosphere on that side of the coating facing away from the substrate with a flow density which, proceeding from the equilibrium state of the quantity of water molecules absorbed in the substrate in an air atmosphere at 23° C. and 50% relative humidity, brings the setting of the equilibrium state of the quantity of water molecules absorbed in the substrate in an air atmosphere at 40° C. and 95% relative humidity within an interval not more than 10 h longer than for setting this equilibrium under corresponding conditions with an identical uncoated substrate.

Abstract: An optical element has a substrate body made from transparent plastic and a coating having multiple layers. The coating includes a hard lacquer layer adjoining the substrate. The coating has a diffusivity ensuring the absorption of water molecules passing through the coating in the substrate and the release of water molecules from the substrate through the coating from an air atmosphere on that side of the coating facing away from the substrate with a flow density which, proceeding from the equilibrium state of the quantity of water molecules absorbed in the substrate in an air atmosphere at 23° C. and 50% relative humidity, brings the setting of the equilibrium state of the quantity of water molecules absorbed in the substrate in an air atmosphere at 40° C. and 95% relative humidity within an interval not more than 10 h longer than for setting this equilibrium under corresponding conditions with an identical uncoated substrate.

Abstract: An optical observation instrument, in particular a spectacle, a reading aid or a telescope, comprises an optical element, in particular a spectacle lens, adapted to be controllably adjustable in its refractive power, a sensor, and a control unit for adjusting the refractive power as a function of signals from the sensor. The sensor is a brightness sensor. In a method of controllably adjusting a refractive power of an optical element in an optical observation instrument an optical parameter is captured by means of a sensor and the refractive power is adjusted as a function of a signal from the sensor. By means of the sensor the brightness of the light impinging on the optical instrument is captured.

Abstract: An optical observation instrument, in particular a spectacle, a reading aid or a telescope, comprises an optical element, in particular a spectacle lens, adapted to be controllably adjustable in its refractive power, a sensor, and a control unit for adjusting the refractive power as a function of signals from the sensor. The sensor is a brightness sensor. In a method of controllably adjusting a refractive power of an optical element in an optical observation instrument an optical parameter is captured by means of a sensor and the refractive power is adjusted as a function of a signal from the sensor. By means of the sensor the brightness of the light impinging on the optical instrument is captured.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus are used for making spectacle lenses from plastic material. The spectacle lenses are worked by working plastic material blanks as a function of data representing the surface of the finished spectacle lens as well as work process parameters. The plastic material blanks are worked in one of a plurality of de-centralized units. For individualized spectacle lenses the data are computed in a central unit as first data and are transmitted to the decentralized unit, and for non-individualized spectacle lenses the data are read out of a first memory in the decentralized unit.

Abstract: A device serves for reflecting electromagnetic waves, in particular in a length range less than 200 nm. It has a mirror carrier made of a material with at least approximately vanishing thermal expansion and at least one reflective layer applied on said mirror carrier. An intermediate layer made of a material which is formed such that its surface roughness is not significantly increased after beam processing methods is fitted between the mirror carrier and the reflective layer.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for molding optical lenses are disclosed. The apparatus comprises a first molding shell with a first diameter, a sealing element surrounding the first molding shell, and means for radially clamping the sealing element against the first molding shell, a second molding shell having a second diameter greater than the first diameter, and means for axially clamping the second molding shell with its inner shell surface against a radial front surface of the sealing element. This is done such a hollow cavity is enclosed between the molding shells and the sealing element. The radially clamping means and the axial clamping means are structurally distinct and independent one from the other. The axially clamping means are arranged on an outer shell surface of the second molding shell, opposite to the inner shell surface.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus are used for making spectacle lenses from plastic material. The spectacle lenses are worked by working plastic material blanks as a function of data representing the surface of the finished spectacle lens as well as work process parameters. The plastic material blanks are worked in one of a plurality of de-centralized units. For individualized spectacle lenses the data are computed in a central unit as first data and are transmitted to the decentralized unit, and for non-individualized spectacle lenses the data are read out of a first memory in the decentralized unit.

Abstract: A device serves for reflecting electromagnetic waves in a length range less than 200 nm. It has a mirror carrier made of a material with at least approximately vanishing thermal expansion and at least one reflective layer applied on said mirror carrier. An intermediate layer made of a material which is formed such that its surface roughness is not significantly increased after beam processing methods is fitted between the mirror carrier and the reflective layer.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for molding optical lenses are disclosed. The apparatus comprises a first molding shell with a first diameter, a sealing element surrounding the first molding shell, and means for radially clamping the sealing element against the first molding shell, a second molding shell having a second diameter greater than the first diameter, and means for axially clamping the second molding shell with its inner shell surface against a radial front surface of the sealing element. This is done such a hollow cavity is enclosed between the molding shells and the sealing element. The radially clamping means and the axial clamping means are structurally distinct and independent one from the other. The axially clamping means are arranged on an outer shell surface of the second molding shell, opposite to the inner shell surface.