Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for recycling polymers, in particular to a method for recycling polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to produce bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET). The BHET produced using the method and apparatus of the present invention may be of a quality which allows plastic preparation methods in which the BHET is used to be simplified.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing polymers, in particular to a method for preparing recycled polymers from polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The method comprises producing a high quality BHET product which is used as a monomer feedstock in an integrated polymerisation process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing polymers, in particular to a method for preparing a polymer comprising constitutional units derived from bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET). The BHET used in the method is a high quality recycled BHET product, which allows plastic preparation methods in which the BHET is used to be simplified.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of carbon black from a plastic pyrolytic char. In particular, the process comprises pre-washing the plastic pyrolytic char followed by washing with acid and then base.

Abstract: A pump panel training device is provided and includes a plurality of simulated gages operable to imitate gages upon a fire truck pump panel, a plurality of simulated controls operable to imitate controls upon the fire truck pump panel, and a simulated water hose operable to imitate one of water temperature changes, water temperature pressure, and water hose vibration for the fire truck pump panel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and system for forming a bio-derived diesel fuel from a biomass material, and the bio-derived diesel fuel formed therefrom. The present invention also relates to a process and system for forming a bio-derived diesel fuel from a bio-derived hydrocarbon feedstock, and the bio-derived diesel fuel formed therefrom.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and system for forming a hydrocarbon feedstock from a biomass material, and the hydrocarbon feedstock formed therefrom. The present invention also relates to a process and system for forming a bio-derived naphtha fuel from a hydrocarbon feedstock, and the bio-derived naphtha fuel formed therefrom, as well as intermediate treated hydrocarbon feedstocks formed during the process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and system for forming a hydrocarbon feedstock from a biomass material, and the hydrocarbon feedstock formed therefrom. The present invention also relates to a process and system for forming a bio-derived jet fuel from a hydrocarbon feedstock, and the bio-derived jet fuel formed therefrom, as well as intermediate treated hydrocarbon feedstocks formed during the process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and system for forming a hydrocarbon feedstock from a biomass material, and the hydrocarbon feedstock formed therefrom. The present invention also relates to a process and system for forming a bio-derived LPG fuel from a hydrocarbon feedstock, and the bio-derived LPG fuel formed therefrom, as well as intermediate treated hydrocarbon feedstocks formed during the process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and system for forming a hydrocarbon feedstock from a biomass material, and the hydrocarbon feedstock formed therefrom. The present invention also relates to a process and system for forming a bio-derived diesel fuel from a hydrocarbon feedstock, and the bio-derived diesel fuel formed therefrom, as well as intermediate treated hydrocarbon feedstocks formed during the process.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of glycidol from the thermal decarboxylation of glycerol carbonate. In one aspect, the present invention provides a process for the preparation of glycidol by thermal decarboxylation of glycerol carbonate, said process comprising the steps of: d) contacting liquid glycerol carbonate with a decarboxylation promotor, having a boiling point of at least 160° C. at atmospheric pressure and consisting essentially of an aliphatic mono-ol, an aliphatic polyol, or mixtures thereof, to form a liquid phase mixture; e) applying heat to the liquid phase mixture formed in step a) to induce thermal decarboxylation of the glycerol carbonate; and f) separating glycidol formed in step b) from the liquid phase mixture by evaporation of glycidol; and wherein the process does not comprise the use of a decarboxylation catalyst.

Abstract: A method for recycling polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to produce bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) comprises the steps of (a) depolymerising PET in the presence of ethylene glycol and a catalyst system in a series of preferably two depolymerisation reactors to form a depolymerised mixture comprising BHET; (b) crystallising a precipitate comprising BHET from the depolymerised mixture; (c) dissolving the precipitate in a protic solvent, preferably water, but also optionally methanol, to form a solution comprising BHET; (d) removing impurities from the solution to form a purified solution comprising BHET; and (e) crystallising a purified product comprising BHET from the purified solution. Suitable apparatus for such a method, and the use of urea in a catalyst system therefor, are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for the refining of oils. In particular, the invention relates to processes for the refining of oils of biological origin such as vegetable oils.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a chloropropanol prevention pre-treatment process for crude vegetable oils.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for the refining of oils. In particular, the invention relates to processes for the refining of oils of biological origin such as vegetable oils.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of desalting crudeoil, in particular a process for desalting a crude oil which comprises an ionic liquid, an organic acid and any resulting organic salt.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of glycidol from the thermal decarboxylation of glycerol carbonate. In one aspect, the present invention provides a process for the preparation of glycidol by thermal decarboxylation of glycerol carbonate, said process comprising the steps of: d) contacting liquid glycerol carbonate with a decarboxylation promotor, having a boiling point of at least 160° C. at atmospheric pressure and consisting essentially of an aliphatic mono-ol, an aliphatic polyol, or mixtures thereof, to form a liquid phase mixture; e) applying heat to the liquid phase mixture formed in step a) to induce thermal decarboxylation of the glycerol carbonate; and f) separating glycidol formed in step b) from the liquid phase mixture by evaporation of glycidol; and wherein the process does not comprise the use of a decarboxylation catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the separation of gases, and more specifically to an inventive process for the removal of carbon dioxide gas using carefully selected ionic liquid absorbents together with water in a carefully selected ratio.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a basic ionic liquid treatment for removing chloropropanol and/or glycidol, or their fatty acid esters, from glyceride oil, as well as a process for refining glyceride oil which includes the basic ionic liquid treatment. The present invention also relates to uses of the basic ionic liquid and glyceride oil compositions obtained from the ionic liquid treatment.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a basic ionic liquid treatment for removing chloropropanol and/or glycidol, or their fatty acid esters, from glyceride oil, as well as a process for refining glyceride oil which includes the basic ionic liquid treatment. The present invention also relates to uses of the basic ionic liquid and glyceride oil compositions obtained from the ionic liquid treatment.