Abstract: A sensor of a thermal flow measuring device, as well as the flow measuring device itself. The sensor comprises a sensor platform, which bears at least one measuring sensor element and a heated sensor element. Each of the at least two sensor elements is surrounded by a metal sleeve, which protrudes from the sensor platform. The sensor has a plate-shaped element, which defines a plane, whose axis extends parallel to the axis of at least one of the metal sleeves, wherein the plane is spaced from the sensor platform in the axial direction of the metal sleeve. The metal sleeve with the heated sensor element has a terminal end face and the plate-shaped element is provided along the end face of the metal sleeve with the heated sensor element for flow guidance.

Abstract: A spacer for a thermal, flow measuring device, wherein the spacer has a planar bearing surface for a thin-film resistance thermometer and an otherwise circularly cylindrical, lateral surface, wherein the bearing surface is inclined relative to a longitudinal axis of the spacer.

Abstract: A circuit for controlling a load current through a coil is connected to an output port of a transistor H-bridge that includes two low side transistors and two high side transistors. A current sense circuit is coupled to the H-bridge and configured to provide a representation of the load current provided by the output port. A current regulator is configured to generate a modulated signal dependent on the representation of the load current and a current set-point. The modulated signal has a duty-cycle. A gate control logic drives the individual transistors of the H-bridge on and off in accordance with the modulated signal. A direction signal provides the load current to the coil. The direction signal determines the direction of the load current. An over current detection circuit is coupled to each individual transistor and is configured to signal an over-current by providing an active over-current failure signal when a transistor current through the respective transistor exceeds a respective maximum value.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a method of controlling a step motor system includes operating the step motor system in a normal mode. In the normal mode, the step motor is advanced upon receipt of a step pulse. If a failure event is detected, the step motor is operated in a failure mode. In the failure mode, a failure counter is incremented upon receipt of the step pulse, and the step motor is not advanced.

Abstract: A circuit for controlling a load current through a coil is connected to an output port of a transistor H-bridge that includes two low side transistors and two high side transistors. A current sense circuit is coupled to the H-bridge and configured to provide a representation of the load current provided by the output port. A current regulator is configured to generate a modulated signal dependent on the representation of the load current and a current set-point. The modulated signal has a duty-cycle. A gate control logic drives the individual transistors of the H-bridge on and off in accordance with the modulated signal. A direction signal provides the load current to the coil. The direction signal determines the direction of the load current. An over current detection circuit is coupled to each individual transistor and is configured to signal an over-current by providing an active over-current failure signal when a transistor current through the respective transistor exceeds a respective maximum value.

Abstract: A measurement transducer of a thermal mass flow meter for determining the flow rate of a medium that flows through a pipe, which comprises at least one thin film resistance thermometer, which is arranged in a sheath, wherein the sheath comprises a first open end, out of which at least one cable for electrical contact with the resistance thermometer is led out of the sheath, wherein the cable in the sheath is embedded in a first fill material, at least in sections, and wherein the thin film resistance thermometer is at least partially covered by a second fill material, which is a gaseous, liquid, semi-liquid, powder or solid and in the case cited last, comprises a hardness of at most Shore A 90, and that the first fill material comprises a hardness of at most Shore D 98.

Abstract: Thermal flow measuring device and method for the manufacture of a thermal flow measuring device with a spacer having a first cavity for accommodating a resistance thermometer, wherein the spacer has at least a first planar area, which faces the first cavity, and a second cavity, through which the resistance thermometer can be pressed by means of a hold-down onto the first planar area of the spacer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of nondestructive and contactless testing of components (3), wherein ultrasonic waves (6) are irradiated onto the surface of the component (3) at a predefinable, non-perpendicular angle of incidence (9) using an ultrasonic transmission sound transducer (1) arranged spaced apart from the surface of the component (3) and the intensity of the ultrasonic waves (7) reflected from the surface of the component (3) is detected with time resolution and/or frequency resolution by the antenna array elements (2n) of an ultrasonic antenna array (2) configured for detecting ultrasonic waves (7) and the phase shift of the ultrasonic waves guided at the surface of the test body is determined therefrom with respect to the ultrasonic waves (7) directly reflected at the surface of the component (3).

Abstract: A circuit for controlling a load current through a coil is connected to an output port of a transistor H-bridge that includes two low side transistors and two high side transistors. A current sense circuit is coupled to the H-bridge and configured to provide a representation of the load current provided by the output port. A current regulator is configured to generate a modulated signal dependent on the representation of the load current and a current set-point. The modulated signal has a duty-cycle. A gate control logic drives the individual transistors of the H-bridge on and off in accordance with the modulated signal. A direction signal provides the load current to the coil. The direction signal determines the direction of the load current. An over current detection circuit is coupled to each individual transistor and is configured to signal an over-current by providing an active over-current failure signal when a transistor current through the respective transistor exceeds a respective maximum value.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a method of controlling a step motor system includes operating the step motor system in a normal mode. In the normal mode, the step motor is advanced upon receipt of a step pulse. If a failure event is detected, the step motor is operated in a failure mode. In the failure mode, a failure counter is incremented upon receipt of the step pulse, and the step motor is not advanced.

Abstract: Thermal flow measuring device and method for the manufacture of a thermal flow measuring device with a spacer having a first cavity for accommodating a resistance thermometer, wherein the spacer has at least a first planar area, which faces the first cavity, and a second cavity, through which the resistance thermometer can be pressed by means of a hold-down onto the first planar area of the spacer.

Abstract: In order to produce a nonwoven fabric having elastomeric properties spun filaments (1), consisting preferably (but not essentially) of cellulose material such as cellulose acetate or solvent spun rayon, not in yarn formats, are corrugated or crimped in an overfeed process, as in stuffer box (6), into stabilized three dimensional batts. A proportion of filaments (3) of a thermal memory material, such as modified polyester, in a stretched format are included. The resulting batt is then subjected to controlled hydroentangling and a controlled heat treatment to yield three dimensional nonwoven fabrics with elastomeric properties due to contraction of the stretched filaments. Elastomeric memory material activated to shrink by ultrasonic treatment may be used in place of thermal memory material. The elastomeric properties can be adjusted to suit end-use requirements and applications are envisaged in the medical and hygiene areas.

Abstract: Water needling is used to constantly subject the entire surface of a width of a goods line to water jets. However, it is also advantageous for units of commodity goods that are to be consolidated and optionally, if a cover nonwoven supporting these goods only needs to be consolidated around them or if a cover nonwoven is to be bonded around the goods. All possible patterns, such as line or strip consolidation, are advantageous. This is made possible by the invention, which provides for measures which specifically control, e.g. partially impede and/or interrupt the flow of the water jets from a water beam. This can occur by means of cover panels which advance with the line, supported by a screen or by means of a screen alone. Individually movable, computer-controlled nozzles are also advantageous for partial consolidation.

Abstract: A plurality of substantially parallel continuous filaments, e.g. of cellulose acetate or rayon, and preferably newly formed, are consolidated or partially stabilized, e.g. by application of solvent and pressure, by hydroentanglement, by embossing, or by crimping and stretching. The filament assembly or subassemblies thus produced are further stabilized by folding, bundling, twisting or intertwining, e.g. to form braids (10), and are then bonded to a carrier layer or sandwiched between outer layers (12, 14), e.g. by hydroentanglement, melt blowing, spinbonding etc. The stabilized filament assemblies may be arranged spaced transversely and may be cut just prior to bonding so as also to provide longitudinally spaced three dimensionally thicker regions, ready for conversion to finished products such as absorbant feminine hygiene products or medical swabs or the like.

Abstract: Water needling is used to constantly subject the entire surface of a width of a goods line to water jets. However, it is also advantageous for units of commodity goods that are to be consolidated and optionally, if a cover nonwoven supporting these goods only needs to be consolidated around them or if a cover nonwoven is to be bonded around the goods. All possible patterns, such as line or strip consolidation, are advantageous. This is made possible by the invention, which provides for measures which specifically control, e.g. partially impede and/or interrupt the flow of the water jets from a water beam. This can occur by means of cover panels which advance with the line, supported by a screen or by means of a screen alone. Individually movable, computer-controlled nozzles are also advantageous for partial consolidation.

Abstract: A plurality of substantially parallel continuous filaments, e.g. of cellulose acetate or rayon, and preferably newly formed, are consolidated or partially stabilised, e.g. by application of solvent and pressure, by hydroentanglement, by embossing, or by crimping and stretching. The filament assembly or subassemblies thus produced are further stablised by folding, bundling, twisting or intertwining, e.g. to form braids (10), and are then bonded to a carrier layer or sandwiched between outer layers (12, 14), e.g. by hydroentanglement, melt blowing, spinbonding etc. The stablised filament assemblies may be arranged spaced transversely and may be cut just prior to bonding so as also to provide longitudinally spaced three dimensionally thicker regions, ready for conversion to finished products such as absorbant feminine hygiene products or medical swabs or the like.

Abstract: A plurality of substantially parallel continuous filaments, e.g. of cellulose acetate or rayon, and preferably newly formed, are consolidated or partially stabilised, e.g. by application of solvent and pressure, by hydroentanglement, by embossing, or by crimping and stretching. The filament assembly or subassemblies thus produced are further stablised by folding, bundling, twisting or intertwining, e.g. to form braids (10), and are then bonded to a carrier layer or sandwiched between outer layers (12, 14), e.g. by hydroentanglement, melt blowing, spinbonding etc. The stablised filament assemblies may be arranged spaced transversely and may be cut just prior to bonding so as also to provide longitudinally spaced three dimensionally thicker regions, ready for conversion to finished products such as absorbant feminine hygiene products or medical swabs or the like.

Abstract: An amplifier is connected to a voltage subtractor which is connected in a predetermined current path of the amplifier to adjust the temperature-dependent voltage offset of an amplifier or of an amplifier chain. If the voltage subtractor is connected at the output of the amplifier or of an amplifier chain, then the temperature-dependent offset voltage can be subtracted using suitable means, without the amplifier itself having to be compensated. As a voltage subtractor, an operational amplifier is proposed, in the case of which the offset voltage is subtracted by means of negative feedback. The negative feedback is produced by means of a resistor having two current power sources. The voltage subtractor is preferably connected in outgoing circuit to the amplifier and constructed in accordance with the same layout rules.