Abstract: Compounds, powders, and cathode active materials that can be used in lithium ion batteries are described herein. Methods of making such compounds, powders, and cathode active materials are described.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a plurality of particles. Each particle may include a material comprising 0.95 to 1.30 mole fraction Li, at least 0.60 and less than 1.00 mole fraction Co, up to 10,000 ppm Al, 1.90 to 2.10 mole fraction O, and up to 0.30 mole fraction M, where M is at least one element selected from B, Na, Mg, P, Ti, Ca, V, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Sc, Y, Ga, Zr, Ru, Mo, La, Si, Nb, Ge, In, Sn, Sb, Te, and Ce. Each particle may also include a surface composition comprising a mixture of LiF and a metal fluoride. An amount of fluorine (F) is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 5000 ppm. The metal fluoride comprises a material selected from the group consisting of AlF3, CaF2, MgF2, and LaF2. The surface composition may also include a metal oxide comprising a material selected from the group consisting of TiO2, MgO, La2O3, CaO, and Al2O3. An amount of the metal oxide is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 20000 ppm.

Abstract: Compounds, powders, and cathode active materials that can be used in lithium ion batteries are described herein. Methods of making such compounds, powders, and cathode active materials are described.

Abstract: Compounds, powders, and cathode active materials that can be used in lithium ion batteries are described herein. Methods of making such compounds, powders, and cathode active materials are described.

Abstract: Compounds, powders, and cathode active materials that can be used in lithium ion batteries are described herein. Methods of making such compounds, powders, and cathode active materials are described.

Abstract: Compounds, powders, and cathode active materials that can be used in lithium ion batteries are described herein. Methods of making such compounds, powders, and cathode active materials are described.

Abstract: Photovoltaic cells and methods for making photovoltaic cells are provided. The photovoltaic cells include a photoactive layer which includes an array of elongated vertically aligned nanostructures. The nanostructures include at least a first and a second semiconducting material. The photovoltaic layer may also include a transparent insulating material which serves a passivation function.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for growing an array of elongated nanostructures projecting from a surface. The nanostructures of the array are aligned substantially perpendicularly to the surface. In one aspect of the invention, the diameter of the nanostructures is between 10 nm and 200 nm. The methods of the invention can produce nanostructure growth at temperatures less than 350 degrees Celsius. Alignment of the nanostructures does not rely on epitaxial growth from a single crystal substrate, allowing a variety of substrates to be used.