Abstract: A memory is disclosed. The memory may include a first data structure and a second data structure. The first data structure may include a first field to store a first data relating to a command, and a related command field, the related command field to store a value. The second data structure may include a second field to store a second data relating to the command. A queue stored in the memory, may include the first data structure. A storage device may be configured to identify the first data structure and the second data structure (405, 705) as related based at least in part on the value.

Abstract: A block in shell type heat exchanger having a jacket surrounding a jacket space to receive first medium. The jacket space accommodates a plate and block heat exchanger with first and second heat exchange passages. A first collector and a second collector connect to the second heat exchange passages for introduction and withdrawal of the second medium. A pipe extends from the second collector and exits the jacket space through an opening in the jacket to withdraw the second medium. The first collector has an inlet stub situated perpendicular to the extension of the first collector. The second medium can be introduced through the inlet stub into the first collector. A third collector is arranged in the jacket space and connects with the inlet stub and has the form of a hollow sphere or a hollow half-sphere.

Abstract: An optical apparatus measures characteristics of a measurement target including an illumination portion, detection portion and processing portion. The illumination portion produces at least one pair of spatially separated areas of illumination for illuminating a measurement target to produce an associated light field. The light field produced by illumination of the measurement target includes a component corresponding to interference between the areas of illumination, illuminates a first site on the measurement target and illuminates a second site on the measurement target. The detection portion receives light from the measurement target, directs the received light onto a detector, and outputs signals from the detector dependent on the intensity of the detected light. The processing portion analyses the signals output by the detector to measure the characteristics of the measurement target.

Abstract: An optical switch comprises one or more input ports for directing an optical beam into the switch; dispersive means configured to receive said optical beam and which spatially separate the optical beam into individual wavelength components which are routed to an actuator; wherein the actuator is in the form of an array of elongate movable fingers for selectively interfering with individual wavelength components and means are provided to direct optical beams to selected one or more output ports.

Abstract: A networked copier and printer system permits on-line payment for use of copier or computer printer, charging against a positive balance customer account stored at a central station, and permits customers to add to their copier account. A network transaction station accepts a customer ID from a magnetic card or bar code reader, or from a keypad input. After the customer enters his or her PIN, the account balance is downloaded from the central database, and the copier or printer is enabled. An add-value station on the network allows the customer to deposit cash and add to his or her account balance, after entering a customer ID and PIN. The value added station presents a receipt that omits the customer account identification but contains a unique transaction tracking code. An off-line mode permits copying during network outages.

Abstract: A networked copier and printer system permits on-line payment for use of copier or computer printer, charging against a positive balance customer account stored at a central station, and permits customers to add to their copier account. A network transaction station accepts a customer ID from a magnetic card or bar code reader, or from a keypad input. After the customer enters his or her PIN, the account balance is downloaded from the central database, and the copier or printer is enabled. An add-value station on the network allows the customer to deposit cash and add to his or her account balance, after entering a customer ID and PIN. The value added station presents a receipt that omits the customer account identification but contains a unique transaction tracking code. An off-line mode permits copying during network outages.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing a rigid polyurethane foam in which a polyisocyanate containing a benzene ring is used as an organic isocyanate and a polyether polyol and/or polyester polyol is used as a polyol, characterized in that a hydrocarbon is used as the blowing agent and a compound having a hydrophobic group and a hydroxyl group in the molecule is used as an emulsifying agent. The blowing agent is preferably a hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of cyclopentane, n-pentane and iso-pentane.

Abstract: A process for the production of composite bodies consisting of a polyurethane core and a polyurethane covering, with the core being positioned inside a mold so that an average distance of at least 0.5 mm exists between the surface of the core and the internal wall of the mold. The gap between the core and the internal wall of the mold is filled with a reaction mixture composed of a) a polyisocyanate component, and b) a polyol component. The polyol component b) must have a weight ratio of carbon to oxygen of at least 2.5:1.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the production of polyurethanes using catalysts based on triamino(imino)phosphoranes corresponding to formulas I, II or III ##STR1## wherein R, R', R" and R"' represent hydrocarbon substituents andn and m may be the same or different and represent 0, 1 or 2.The present invention also relates to certain of the triamino(imino)phosphoranes used as catalysts.

Abstract: Open-celled, elastic, flexible polyurethane foams are made without using a chlorofluorocarbon blowing agent. A polyisocyanate is reacted with a polyether in the presence of water and from about 0.1 to abour 10% by weight (based on polyether) of an organic blowing agent selected from dicarbonic acid alkyl esters, dicarbonic acid cycloalkyl esters, dicarbonic acid benzyl esters and combinations thereof. Optional starting materials include catalysts, chain lengthening agents, emulsifiers and other commonly used additives.

Abstract: A process for the production of foam cushions from different fluid reaction mixtures comprising introducing a first reaction mixture and at least one other reaction mixture into a mold cavity and leaving the mixtures to react to form a cushion having zones of differing elasticity or firmness, characterized in that one of the two reaction mixtures is not introduced into the mold cavity until it has creamed up and is already viscous, and in that the second reaction mixture, which has not creamed up, is introduced at the same time or later.

Abstract: A process for the production of foam cushions from different fluid reaction mixtures comprising introducing a first and at least one other reaction mixture into a mold cavity and leaving the mixtures to react to form a cushion having zones of differing elasticity or rigidity characterized in that the reaction mixtures are not introduced into the mold cavity until they have started to cream up and are already viscous.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the production of heat curable, flexible, polyurethane molded foams by the reacting inside a closed mold(a) polyisocyanates with(b) compounds having a molecular weight of 400 to about 10,000 and containing at least two isocyanate-reactive groups and(c) optionally chain lengthening and/or cross-linking agents in the molecular weight range of 32 to 399 and containing at least two isocyanate-reactive groups in the presence of(d) a catalyst based on carbonic acid diamide and(e) a blowing agent based on water, characterized in that1. the polyisocyanates (a) are based on diphenyl-methane diisocyanate which may optionally be alkyl substituted, toluylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate and/or isophorone diisocyanate,2. carbonic acid diamide is used in a quantity of 0.05 to 1.0 parts by weight, preferably about 0.3 to 0.7 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of component (b),3.

Abstract: A process for producing foam cushions having sections of different hardnesses using foam molding. The process broadly includes introducing a first reaction mixture into a mold, introducing a second reaction mixture into a mold, said second mixture already being in a creamed state, allowing the reaction mixtures to foam, and removing the resultant product from the mold. Prior to the introduction of the first mixture, a web with holes in it is clamped over a deepened section of the mold cavity. The first reaction mixture is then fed onto the web, with the first mixture being in a sufficiently liquid state so as to allow it to flow through the holes and into the space below the web. The second reaction mixture is then fed into the space remaining above and to the sides of the web. The second mixture is introduced at a time when itis sufficiently creamed up so that it cannot flow through the holes in the web.