Abstract: A cable or a line and a method for producing a modified cable sheath (20) of an electric line or a cable (1) are provided and characterized by providing preferably spherical amorphous particles (30), and implanting the amorphous particles (30) into the cable sheath (20) in such a way that a plurality of the amorphous particles (30) penetrate into the surface of the cable sheath (20) just as deep as their diameter, less deep or only minimally deeper. Kinetic energy of the particles during bombardment is selected as a function of particle properties (e.g., size and/or mass) and at least one property of the cable sheath (e.g., strength of the cable sheath) such that the amorphous particles (30) penetrate into the surface of the cable sheath (20) as deep as their diameter, less deep or only minimally deeper than their diameter. The amorphous particles (30) can be glass spheres.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric cable (10) comprising a plurality of electric conductors (1) each having an insulation (2) and a common sheath (3) consisting of a plastic material, characterized in that the sheath (3) is applied directly on and around the insulation (2) of the conductors (1) without an intermediate layer and the sheath (3) is selected from the group of plastic materials which are both thermoplastic and elastic plastics at the same time and preferably have a polypropylene matrix or polyethylene matrix and, furthermore, a thin hard cover layer (4) made of a non-foamed material is formed around the sheath (3).

Abstract: A cable with a tactile twist indicator, wherein the cable has at least one core for signal transmission and a cable sheath surrounding the at least one core, wherein the cable has precisely one tactile twist indicator, which extends along a longitudinal direction of the cable over essentially the entire length of the cable sheath and which has a predetermined orientation relative to the at least one core over essentially the entire length of the cable sheath.

Abstract: A BLDC motor and a method for starting and operating the motor. The motor has a rotor with exciter magnets, a stator with at least three stator coils, and a control and evaluation unit. The method carries out an initialization phase with a defined start time, initial starting field angle of the stator magnetic field and angle rising rate. A partial cycle is carried out with a rising phase that increases a current field angle with a change in voltage application to the stator coils. An analysis phase keeps the current field angle constant. The method continuously records a difference in current between two phase currents of a same direction of flow, the evaluation unit analyzes the recorded difference for the presence of a current eye. Immediate commutation takes place when a current eye is detected or where without detection after a pre-definable time interval has elapsed. The analysis phase is terminated after commutation is carried out.

Abstract: A BLDC motor and a method for starting and operating the motor. The motor has a rotor with exciter magnets, a stator with at least three stator coils, and a control and evaluation unit. The method carries out an initialization phase with a defined start time, initial starting field angle of the stator magnetic field and angle rising rate. A partial cycle is carried out with a rising phase that increases a current field angle with a change in voltage application to the stator coils. An analysis phase keeps the current field angle constant. The method continuously records a difference in current between two phase currents of a same direction of flow, the evaluation unit analyzes the recorded difference for the presence of a current eye. Immediate commutation takes place when a current eye is detected or where without detection after a pre-definable time interval has elapsed. The analysis phase is terminated after commutation is carried out.

Abstract: A method and a device for operating a wind farm with a plurality of wind turbines are provided. According to the method, operating parameters of the wind turbines of the wind farm are adjusted according to an optimization goal, the optimization goal being the maximum value of the total output of the wind farm produced from the sum of all individual outputs of the wind turbines. The optimization goal differs from conventional optimization goals where the respective individual outputs of the wind turbines are optimized without taking the overall output into consideration.

Abstract: A method and a device for operating a wind farm with a plurality of wind turbines are provided. According to the method, operating parameters of the wind turbines of the wind farm are adjusted according to an optimization goal, the optimization goal being the maximum value of the total output of the wind farm produced from the sum of all individual outputs of the wind turbines. The optimization goal differs from conventional optimization goals where the respective individual outputs of the wind turbines are optimized without taking the overall output into consideration.

Abstract: In order to ensure the robustness of decentralized energy systems and suitable distribution of the energy in such networks to a large number of energy consumption units, the novel energy system is provided with corresponding agents. At least one agent is associated with each energy consumption unit and/or energy generation unit in the decentralized energy system. The agents are interlinked in such a way that each agent can communicate with other agents in the energy system. Each change in the power output or power consumption requires a trade act, as a result of which large balance errors are avoided. In order to make this coupling between electrical and monetary acts practicable, current consumption contracts of an extremely wide variety can be drawn up between generators and consumers. The energy system is configured such that the energy is distributed in the system at least partially on the basis of monetary transactions arranged between the agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a bi-material radio frequency transmission line of cylindrical shape comprising a thin layer of highly conductive material supported by a base material wherein both materials are selected in function of the frequency of the transmitted signal and wherein the thickness of the thin layer is in a range from 1.2 to 2.4 times the depth of the skin effect at the frequency corresponding to the transmitted signal.

Abstract: A method detects a path in a communications network having a plurality of nodes with the aid of a routing metric. The method involves inputting a quantity determined on the basis of number of paths passing through the nodes in the routing metric.

Abstract: In a self-organizing sensor network, a number of sensor nodes organize themselves and include sensor elements, distance measuring elements and communication elements for that purpose. The sensor network is able to precisely locate individual, in particular mobile, sensor nodes.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing structures for guiding electromagnetic waves, such as telecommunication cables, comprising a least a conductive layer for transmission of radio frequency waves, said conductive layer being formed by means of cold gas spraying techniques. An apparatus for manufacturing structures for guiding electromagnetic waves and a cable manufactured according to such process.

Abstract: An apparatus for processing the ends of a coaxial high frequency cable, which has a tubular inner conductor, a dielectric enclosing the same, a tubular outer conductor arranged over the same concentrically to the inner conductor, and a sheath of insulation material enclosing the outer conductor. The apparatus includes a pot-like device (1) with a cylindrical hollow space (2) the diameter (D1) of which at the input area corresponds to the diameter of the high-frequency cable including the sheath. Within the device (1), at the end of the input area, at least one sheath knife (5) for cutting the sheath is arranged, the blade of which projects into the hollow space (2). The diameter (D2) of the hollow space (2) behind the input area corresponds to the outside diameter of the outer conductor of the high frequency cable.

Abstract: A transfer system has at least one transfer device which is driven by several mutually independent drives in the direction of at least a closing/opening axis. In the event of a failure of a drive, an immediate stoppage of parts of the transfer device is prevented by coupling the drives with one another by a coupling device. This coupling device has an operating range of a low torque transmission which is normally taken up and is left only if one of the drives no longer supplies a sufficient driving power.