Abstract: The refractive, transmissive or diffractive optical elements are made from a ceramic containing one or more oxides of the type X2O3, which is transmissive for visible light and/or for infrared radiation and which has a cubic crystal structure analogous to that of Y2O3. In preferred embodiments X is Y, Sc, In, or a lanthanide element, namely La to Lu, and in particular is Lu, Yb, Gd, or La. Also mixtures of oxides of the type X2O3 with oxides having different stoichiometries, such as HfO2 and/or ZrO2, may be present, as long as the cubic structure of the ceramic is maintained.

Abstract: The invention relates to bismuth oxide glass, containing germanium oxide, a method for the production thereof, the use thereof and a glass fiber consisting of said inventive glass.

Abstract: The invention proposes a method for producing glass ceramics which is particularly well suited as light conversion material, especially for down conversion. One initially produces a starting glass, containing (on an oxide basis) 5-50% by weight of SiO2, 5-50 % by weight of Al2O3 and 10-80% by weight of at least one oxide selected from the from the group formed by Y2O3, Lu2O3, Sc2O3, Gd2O3, Yb2O3, Ce2O3, as well as 0.1-30% by weight of at least one oxide selected from the group formed by B2O3, Th2O3, and oxides of the lanthanoids, except Lu2O3, Gd2O3, Yb2O3, Ce2O3. Thereafter, the material is heated up for ceramization at a heating rate of at least 100 K/min to a temperature in the range of between 1000° C. to 1400° C. until crystallites are formed that contain a garnet phase. Thereafter, the material is cooled down to room temperature. Alternatively, controlled cooling-down from the molten state is possible.

Abstract: An EEFL-type fluorescent lamp for backlighting of displays or screens, whereby the encapsulating glass and/or a (partial) coating of the interior surface of the encapsulating glass are provided which possess a low work function Wa for the electrons of <6 eV, preferably <5 eV, more preferably 0 eV<Wa<5 eV, especially preferably 0 eV<Wa<4 eV, more especially preferably 0 eV<Wa<3 eV. This allows for the operating efficiency to be optimized and the firing voltage to be lowered.

Abstract: The optical elements are made from an opto-ceramic material that is characterized by high density, transparency for visible light and IR, high refractive index, high Abbe number and outstanding relative partial dispersion. Mixed oxides are sintered to obtain the opto-ceramic material. The mixed oxides contain zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide mixed with one or more oxides of yttrium, scandium, lanthanide elements, and optionally mixed with one or more of SiO2, Na2O, and TiO2. Alternatively the mixed oxides contain zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide mixed with CaO and/or MgO and optionally mixed with one or more of SiO2, Na2O, and TiO2. In addition, the mixed oxides can also include one or more oxides of Al, Ga, In, and Sc; optionally one or more oxides of yttrium, some lanthanide elements; and optionally one or more of SiO2, Na2O, MgO, CaO, and TiO2.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for producing a glass ceramic comprising the steps of melting a starting glass that is free from alkali, except for incidental contamination, and that contains at least one garnet-forming agent and at least one oxide of a lanthanoid; grinding the starting glass to produce a glass frit; molding by pressing and sintering the glass frit until at least one garnet phase containing lanthanoids is formed. A glass ceramic produced in this way may contain 5-50 % by weight of SiO2, 5-50 % by weight of Al2O3 and 10-80 % by weight of at least one oxide selected from the group formed by Y2O3, Lu2O3, Sc2O3, Gd2O3, Yb2O3, Ce2O3, as well least one oxide selected from the group formed by B2O3, Th2O3, and oxides of the lanthanoids, except Lu2O3, Gd2O3, Yb2O3, Ce2O3. Such a glass ceramic is suited especially for down conversion of excitation radiation in the blue and in the UV region of the spectrum.

Abstract: The invention relates to a color effect layer system, including: a carrier substrate selected from glass or glass-ceramics, at least one layer of spheres, particularly preferred at least 50 layers, more preferred 50 to 100 layers, including filled or not filled cavities/honeycombs, in the form of a porous material composite of a crystal-like superstructure or an inverse crystal-like superstructure having a three-dimensional periodic or substantially periodic configuration in the order of magnitude of the wavelength of visible light, wherein the sphere diameters and optionally the cavity/honeycomb diameters have a very strict distribution. In addition to the excellent optical properties, the coating systems also have sufficient mechanical stability.

Abstract: The optical elements are made from an opto-ceramic material that is characterized by high density, transparency for visible light and IR, high refractive index, high Abbe number and outstanding relative partial dispersion. Mixed oxides are sintered to obtain the opto-ceramic material. The mixed oxides contain zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide mixed with one or more oxides of yttrium, scandium, lanthanide elements, and optionally mixed with one or more of SiO2, Na2O, and TiO2. Alternatively the mixed oxides contain zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide mixed with CaO and/or MgO and optionally mixed with one or more of SiO2, Na2O, and TiO2. In addition, the mixed oxides can also include one or more oxides of Al, Ga, In, and Sc; optionally one or more oxides of yttrium, some lanthanide elements; and optionally one or more of SiO2, Na2O, MgO, CaO, and TiO2.

Abstract: A calcium fluoride single crystal with increased radiation resistance can be prepared by growing under controlled conditions of solidification from a melt of a crystal raw material containing a dopant affording ions of Al and/or Ga and/or In and/or Tl. Such a single crystal after irra-diation with at least 5×108 laser pulses having a pulse energy of at least 10 mJ/cm2 shows at a wavelength of 193 nm an absorption of less than 0.1%/cm.

Abstract: The invention describes a solid-state light source comprising a solid-state emitter designed for emitting light energy, which preferably has an LED, a luminescent light conversion medium, made from glass or glass ceramics, for converting emitted light energy to light energy of a different frequency spectrum, and a coupling medium for decoupling the light energy to an ambient medium, such as air, the light conversion medium having a refractive index ncs, selected as a function of the refractive index nHL of the solid-state emitter in the range of 0.7·(nHL2)1/3 to 1.3·(nHL2)1/3.

Abstract: The optical elements for ultraviolet radiation, especially for microlithography, are made from cubic granatite, cubic spinel, cubic perovskite and/or cubic M(II)- as well as M(IV)-oxides. The optical elements are made from suitable crystals of Y3Al5O12, Lu3Al5O12, Ca3Al2Si3O12, K2NaAlF6, K2NaScF6, K2LiAlF6 and/or Na3Al2Li3F12, (Mg, Zn)Al2O4, CaAl2O4, CaB2O4 and/or LiAl5O8, BaZrO3 and/or CaCeO3. A front lens used in immersion optics for microlithography at wavelengths under 200 nm is an example of a preferred optical element of the present invention.

Abstract: A rare earth containing glass nominally based on the ternary P2O5—WO3—Na2O-Ln2O3 compositional space, with WO3>30-65 mole %, Na2O 15-35 mole %, P2O5 5-65 mole %, Ln2O3 (Ln=one or more cations selected from lanthanum or any of the rare earth oxides) up to the limit of solubility; with optional additives, MoO3 being a preferred additive, that can be employed alone or in combination at levels up to 15 mole %.

Abstract: The invention describes a glass and a glass-ceramic which at least includes the constituents SiO2, Al2O3 and Y2O3 and is preferably doped with rare earth ions. The weight ratio between the weight of Y2O3 and the total weight of SiO2, Al2O3 and Y2O3 is at least 0.2, preferably at least 0.4 or more. The rare earth ions can preferably be incorporated in crystal phases which are precipitated out of glass with a high yttrium content. (FIG. 2).

Abstract: An optically active glass containing bismuth oxide and germanium oxide is disclosed which comprises 0.1 up to less than 5 mol-% of B2O3 and SiO2 in total. In addition the glass comprises 10 to 60 mol-% of Bi2O3 and 10 to 60 mol-% of GeO2. The glass may further comprise 0-15 wt-% of rare earths, 0-30 wt-% of M?2O, 0-20 wt-% of M?O, 0-15 wt-% of La2O3, 0-40 wt-% of Ga2O3, 0-10 wt-% of Gd2O3, 0-20 wt-% of Al2O3, 0-10 wt-% of CeO2, 0-30 wt-% of ZnO, wherein M? is at least one component selected from the group formed by Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs, and wherein M? is at least one component selected from the group formed by of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba. Also a suitable method of preparation is disclosed.

Abstract: A glass composition for a glass body of an illuminating device with external electrodes is provided. In the glass composition, the quotient of the loss angle and the dielectric constant amounts to tan ?/??<5. In this way, the total power loss of the illuminating device can be minimized in a targeted manner by the glass properties.

Abstract: A white cold light source uses an LED or a gas discharge lamp and a luminescent rare earth doped glass comprising multiple rare earth cations and a particularly high total rare earth content to generate white light emission. Preferably, the luminescent glass has a 2700K to 7000K black body temperature and color rendering index value exceeding 80. A first embodiment of the glass is composed primarily of P2O5, Al2O3, and alkaline earth and alkali metal oxides, and possesses other properties such as physical and thermal properties that are compatible with conventional melting, forming and other manufacturing steps. Other embodiments of the luminescent glass have a maximum water content of 0.1 wt-% and do not contain any boron. Also the luminescent glass is preferably free of water, boron oxides and nitrides. The luminescent glass can be used as a wavelength converter to produce bright white light emission when pumped by conventional commercially available blue and UV light emitting diode sources.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new class of compound useful as liquid for immersion lithography, said liquid comprising molecules so that said liquid is substantially transparent at a wavelength used for said liquid immersion lithography, wherein a degree of polarization of light, which is incident on a sample of said liquid in a forward direction and which is scattered in a direction perpendicular to said forward direction within a plane of scattering defined by said forward direction and said direction perpendicular to said forward direction, is larger than 0.9. Suited liquids are, for example, such comprising molecules transparent to UV radiation, wherein said molecules are high-symmetric molecules. Suited compounds are defined by A(R)4 wherein A is defined to be a 4-valent element and R is selected from —(C)n— and —(Si)n—, with n=1 to 10, wherein the remaining valences of the carbon or silica are saturated by one (or more) selected from hydrogen and a halogen.

Abstract: To provide an improved ion exchange process for the gentle treatment of phosphate-containing glass substrates in salt melts, the invention provides a process in which the source for the ions used is a salt melt 10 which contains silver ions, wherein the salt melt 10 contains ammonium ions. Furthermore, the invention provides a glass material (100) which comprises a phosphate-containing glass (1) and at least one region (210) which contains at least a first composition of ions and at least one region (220) which contains at least a second composition of ions, producible by the process according to the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the production of a glass containing bismuth oxide, the use of such a method for the production of optical glasses, in particular glasses for application in optical telecommunications and a glass which may be produced by said method.

Abstract: A laser uses a rare-earth doped phosphate laser glass characterized by a particularly high rare-earth content to generate the highest possible output power/energy pulses. The laser glass is composed primarily of P2O5, Al2O3, and alkaline earth and alkali earth oxides, and possesses other properties such as physical and thermal properties that are compatible with melting and manufacturing methods. The laser glass can be used in high power and high energy laser systems where laser action is achieved in rod or slab shaped components as well as in waveguide or thin film structures prepared by structuring technologies such as sputtering, ion exchange, and/or direct writing with a femtosecond laser.