Abstract: Personal equipment having a radiation source or an array of radiation sources for creating an aura of radiation in the vicinity of the user. The created aura is oriented in space, such as to be safe for the user but harmful to microbiological contaminants present in the air in the vicinity of the user and bombarding the user in routine situations.

Abstract: An example of an apparatus and method for sampling food. The apparatus includes a sampling unit for collecting the food. The apparatus further includes a transfer unit connected to the sampling unit. In addition, the apparatus includes an extraction system and a valve disposed between the transfer chamber and the extraction chamber.

Abstract: The present invention provides method and apparatus for minimally-invasive capillary blood extraction comprising an apparatus capable of the harnessing the energy from frequent natural mammalian movements and then converting it into forces needed to execute skin lancing, specifically an insertion of a lancet in the body of the mammal. The apparatus consists of a rotational and a translational member which work together to effectively translate an angular displacement of the rotational element caused by mammalian movements to translational displacement of a sliding element at an angle to the plane which the force from the mammal was applied in. The ability of the invention to harness free energy and efficiently use that energy for actuating a lancet and facilitating blood extraction allows for the miniaturization of blood sampling technology into a wearable device.

Abstract: An orally administrable implement for expanding in a stomach of an animal, including a mammal, to fill a space in the stomach, is provided for weight control. The implement includes: a fluid-permeable expandable container having a first dimension and a second dimension; and a plurality of clusters comprising a swellable material contained within the container and capable of swelling when contacted with a fluid; whereby when the implement is ingested, the fluid in the stomach enters the container causing the clusters therein to swell and the container to expand from the first dimension to the second dimension.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes an orally administrable implement comprising expandable material designed specifically to swell in a targeted gastrointestinal (GI) organ of a mammai, including human to form a pseudobezoar. The said pseudobezoar is integrated with a gastrointestinal transplant, whether synthetic or obtained from a donor. Upon swelling of the pseudobezoar in targeted organ GI organ, the gastrointestinal transplant integrated with it is delivered to the targeted gastrointestinal organ in a timed and controllable fashion. In one design, a feedback mechanism reporting on the delivery timing, pattern, and details can be included.

Abstract: A device for delivering a substance in situ in a body comprising at least one permeable expandable container having a first dimension and a second dimension and having contained therein the substance to be delivered; and at least one expandable particle comprising a swellable material contained within the container and capable of expanding when contacted with a fluid; whereby when the device is positioned in situ, bodily fluid permeates the container causing the at least one expandable particle contained therein to swell and the container to expand from the first dimension to the second dimension so that the device remains in situ for a period of time sufficient to achieve the desired delivery of the substance is provided.

Abstract: Bezoar-forming units for forming at least one temporary bezoar in a gastrointestinal organ of an animal, including a mammal, to fill a space in the said organ, are provided for weight control. The units include biodegradable fiber-based configurations of various length and shape having a first dimension and a second dimension; whereby when the bezoar-forming units are located in the given gastrointestinal organ, at least one temporary, permeable bezoar is formed.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for capsule endoscopes with tools actuated by a combination of a shape memory alloy (SMA) element and a biasing element (e.g., spring). Apparatuses and methods for biopsies actuated by an SMA element.

Abstract: A device for delivering a substance in situ in a body comprising at least one permeable expandable container having a first dimension and a second dimension and having contained therein the substance to be delivered; and at least one expandable particle comprising a swellable material contained within the container and capable of expanding when contacted with a fluid; whereby when the device is positioned in situ, bodily fluid permeates the container causing the at least one expandable particle contained therein to swell and the container to expand from the first dimension to the second dimension so that the device remains in situ for a period of time sufficient to achieve the desired delivery of the substance is provided.

Abstract: An orally administrable implement for expanding in a stomach of an animal, including a mammal, to fill a space in the stomach, is provided for weight control. The implement includes: a fluid-permeable expandable container having a first dimension and a second dimension; and a plurality of clusters comprising a swellable material contained within the container and capable of swelling when contacted with a fluid; whereby when the implement is ingested, the fluid in the stomach enters the container causing the clusters therein to swell and the container to expand from the first dimension to the second dimension.

Abstract: Bezoar-forming units for forming at least one temporary bezoar in a gastrointestinal organ of an animal, including a mammal, to fill a space in the said organ, are provided for weight control. The units include biodegradable fiber-based configurations of various length and shape having a first dimension and a second dimension; whereby when the bezoar-forming units are located in the given gastrointestinal organ, at least one temporary, permeable bezoar is formed.

Abstract: An orally administrable implement for expanding in a stomach of an animal, including a mammal, to fill a space in the stomach, is provided for weight control. The implement includes: a fluid-permeable expandable container having a first dimension and a second dimension; and a plurality of clusters comprising a swellable material contained within the container and capable of swelling when contacted with a fluid; whereby when the implement is ingested, the fluid in the stomach enters the container causing the clusters therein to swell and the container to expand from the first dimension to the second dimension.

Abstract: A device for delivering a substance in situ in a body comprising at least one permeable expandable container having a first dimension and a second dimension and having contained therein the substance to be delivered; and at least one expandable particle comprising a swellable material contained within the container and capable of expanding when contacted with a fluid; whereby when the device is positioned in situ, bodily fluid permeates the container causing the at least one expandable particle contained therein to swell and the container to expand from the first dimension to the second dimension so that the device remains in situ for a period of time sufficient to achieve the desired delivery of the substance is provided.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for controlling motility of the gastrointestinal tract using an implantable medical system. In one technique, electrical stimulation is applied to a set of electrodes implanted in the gastrointestinal tract to induce a contraction that artificially propagates in a retrograde direction. The invocation of retrograde contractions or reverse peristalsis provides at least partial control over gastric emptying and thus, indirectly, satiety and food intake.

Abstract: A capsule containing sensors for impedance and pH monitoring with wireless communication capabilities is presented. A low cost miniature microcontroller interfaces between the sensors and a wireless transmitter. Magnetic holding is proposed as an alternative to surgical affixation of the monitoring capsule. Pins provide additional support for the capsule. The capsule may be used to detect acid and non-acid reflux.

Abstract: A method of reducing gastric volume in a portion of a gastrointestinal tract having a longitudinal axis. The method comprises repeating a stimulation cycle comprising the steps of stimulating the gastrointestinal tract at a first location for a first stimulation period and stimulating the gastrointestinal tract at a second location on for a second stimulation period. In the disclosed method the first and second locations are axially spaced from each other along the longitudinal axis and the first and second stimulation periods are sufficient to maintain a gastric volume reduction in the portion of the gastrointestinal tract at least during the stimulation cycle.

Abstract: Wireless capsule endoscope technology has been used to image portions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, particularly the small bowel. However in other GI organs, especially those having larger-lumens, the capsule may become destabilized and tumble, precluding meaningful interpretation of the acquired images. The present invention describes a method and apparatus for permitting capsule imaging of organs having larger-lumens without tumbling, and includes an outer shell surrounding the capsule that targets the colon, as an example. Once the colon has been reached, the shell breaks or dissolves, and allows expansion of expandable materials attached to each end of the capsule, thereby stabilizing the capsule in the targeted organ, while permitting it to be moved by peristalsis and/or other means for locating the capsule. Imagers and light emitting diodes (LEDs) are activated during the expansion process, and enable overlapping of images.

Abstract: A swallowable electronic bolus or “pill” that can monitor any one or more of the following parameters in real time as the bolus moves through the esophagus: (i) acceleration of the bolus; (ii) velocity of the bolus; (iii) position of the bolus; and (iv) contractile force on the bolus that pushes it through the gastrointestinal tract.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for magnetically levitating and further steering of an intraluminal device, such as a swallowable microelectronic capsule, for monitoring bodily functions is provided. The method comprises diamagnetically-stabilized levitation, followed by dynamic modification of the external magnetic field producing the said levitation, so that the levitating intraluminal device can be steered in desired direction. The said intraluminal device contains appropriate sensors and reports in real time the forces and pressures exerted on it, as well as its position, so that the levitation and the steering can be dynamically adjusted using appropriate dynamic control of external magnetic devices such as solenoids.

Abstract: A method and a multichannel implantable device are described for partial or complete restoration of impaired gastrointestinal motility, or for disturbing and/or partially or completely blocking normal gastrointestinal motility using one or multiple microsystem-controlled channels of circumferentially arranged sets of two or more electrodes which provide externally-invoked synchronized electrical signals to the smooth muscles via the neural pathways.