Abstract: An optical system made up of lens arrays and normal lenses is particularly suitable for use as a massive parallel reader (approximately 102 channels) for microtiter plates and the like in absorption, fluorescence and luminescence.

Abstract: The invention relates to an imaging system for optical automatic analysers, especially fluorescence readers. On the sample side, the imaging system contains a cylindrical lens array and a prism array, which is arranged upstream of the cylindrical lens array. The prismatic effect of the prisms of the prism array lies in the direction of the cylinder axes of the cylindrical lenses. Together with a telescopic imaging system, the inventive imaging system creates a number of parallel cylindrical focussing volumes between the cylindrical lens array and a detector array, these focussing volumes being slanted towards the optical axis of the telescopic system in relation to the vertical. The arrangement enables the detection of fluorescence with a large aperture in one direction, and at the same time enables depth selective analysis of the fluorescence signal, especially the discrimination of the fluorescent radiation originating from the solution above.

Abstract: The invention relates to an imaging system for optical automatic analysers, especially fluorescence readers. On the sample side, the imaging system contains a cylindrical lens array and a prism array, which is arranged upstream of the cylindrical lens array. The prismatic effect of the prisms of the prism array lies in the direction of the cylinder axes of the cylindrical lenses. Together with a telescopic imaging system, the inventive imaging system creates a number of parallel cylindrical focussing volumes between the cylindrical lens array and a detector array, these focussing volumes being slanted towards the optical axis of the telescopic system in relation to the vertical. The arrangement enables the detection of fluorescence with a large aperture in one direction, and at the same time enables depth selective analysis of the fluorescence signal, especially the discrimination of the fluorescent radiation originating from the solution above.

Abstract: A probe array for a scanning microscope has numerous individual probes that respectively have a probe tip on one or more beams. The individual probes are arranged in the form of a two-dimensional grid such that the directions of the beams include with respect to the directions of the grid an angle which is not equal to 0.degree. or 180.degree.. The grid spacings in both mutually perpendicular directions can be smaller than the length of the beams, due to the inclined arrangement of the beams relative to the translation vectors of the grid formed by the probe tips (3a-3p). The two beams (4a, 5a) of each individual probe are mutually arranged in a V-shape to form a mutually nested arrangement of the individual probes.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ancillary module 7 for making spatially resolved measurements of the focus volume of a light beam focussed by a microscope objective 4. The light beam is especially a laser beam. The invention includes a carrier assembly having a glass plate 8 and sleeves (9, 10) mounted thereon. A piezoelectric scanning tube 12 is held on the sleeves (9, 10) essentially perpendicularly to the glass plate 8. The scanning tube 12 operates to move an optical near-field probe 13a in three mutually perpendicular directions. The optical near-field sensor is preferably a glass fiber 13 which has a tip 13a at one end thereof. This tip 13a scans the laser focus volume. At the other end of the glass fiber 13, either a photodiode 14 is provided with which the light coupled into the glass fiber is detected or a corresponding light detector can be adapted by means of an interface. The two sleeves (9, 10) are displaceable relative to each other for coarsely positioning the scanning tube 12.