Abstract: 1-Phenylacetyl-8-aminohexahydro-2H-pyrano[3,4-b]pyrazines of formula are disclosed. The compounds are kappa ligands and are useful to treat drug dependency.

Abstract: 1-Phenylacetyl-8-aminohexahydro-2H-pyrano[3,4-b]pyrazines of formula are disclosed. The compounds are kappa ligands and are useful to treat drug dependency, pruritus, pain, and inflammation.

Abstract: 1-Phenylacetyl-8-aminohexahydro-2H-pyrano[3,4-b]pyrazines of formula are disclosed. The compounds are kappa ligands and are useful to treat drug dependency, pruritus, pain, and inflammation.

Abstract: Provided herein are variant alleles of a gene encoding a mu opioid receptor, along with cloning vectors for replicating such variant alleles, expressing vectors for expressing the variant alleles to produce variant mu opioid receptors, and antibodies to such variant receptors. Also disclosed are binding characteristics of such variant receptors regarding binding to opioid ligands, and the using of such binding characteristics to diagnose a subjects susceptibility to pain, susceptibility to an addictive disease, selecting an appropriate pain reliever along with a therapeutically effective amount of the reliever to administer to a subject suffering from pain. In addition, diagnostic methods for diagnosing a disease or disorder such as infertility, constipation, diarrhea, decreased immune response relative to a standard, and decreased ability to withstand stress relative to a standard, along with commercial kits for diagnosing such diseases or disorders.

Abstract: Provided herein are variant alleles of a gene encoding a kappa opioid receptor, along with cloning vectors for replicating such variant alleles, and expressing vectors for expressing the variant alleles to produce variant kappa opioid receptors.

Abstract: Provided herein are variant alleles of a gene encoding a mu opioid receptor, along with cloning vectors for replicating such variant alleles, expressing vectors for expressing the variant alleles to produce variant mu opioid receptors, and antibodies to such variant receptors. Also disclosed are binding characteristics of such variant receptors regarding binding to opioid ligands, and the using of such binding characteristics to diagnose a subjects susceptibility to pain, susceptibility to an addictive disease, selecting an appropriate pain reliever along with a therapeutically effective amount of the reliever to administer to a subject suffering from pain. In addition, diagnostic methods for diagnosing a disease or disorder such as infertility, constipation, diarrhea, decreased immune response relative to a standard, and decreased ability to withstand stress relative to a standard, along with commercial kits for diagnosing such diseases or disorders.

Abstract: Provided herein are variant alleles of a gene encoding a kappa opioid receptor, along with cloning vectors for replicating such variant alleles, and expressing vectors for expressing the variant alleles to produce variant kappa opioid receptors.

Abstract: Provided herein are variant alleles of a gene encoding a orphanin FQ/nociceptin receptor, along with cloning vectors for replicating such variant alleles, and expressing vectors for expressing the variant alleles to produce variant orphanin FQ/nociceptin receptors.

Abstract: Provided herein is a variant allele of a gene encoding a serotonin 1B receptor, A−161T, along with cloning vectors for replicating such variant alleles, and expressing vectors for expressing the variant alleles to identify alterations in the expression of serotonin 1B receptors, for identifying individuals predisposed to addictive, neurologic or psychiatric diseases.

Abstract: Provided herein are variant alleles of a gene encoding a mu opioid receptor, along with cloning vectors for replicating such variant alleles, expressing vectors for expressing the variant alleles to produce variant mu opioid receptors, and antibodies to such variant receptors. Also disclosed are binding characteristics of such variant receptors regarding binding to opioid ligands, and the using of such binding characteristics to diagnose a subjects susceptibility to pain, susceptibility to an addictive disease, selecting an appropriate pain reliever along with a therapeutically effective amount of the reliever to administer to a subject suffering from pain. In addition, diagnostic methods for diagnosing a disease or disorder such as infertility, constipation, diarrhea, decreased immune response relative to a standard, and decreased ability to withstand stress relative to a standard, along with commercial kits for diagnosing such diseases or disorders.

Abstract: Provided herein are variant alleles of a gene encoding a mu opioid receptor, along with cloning vectors for replicating such variant alleles, expressing vectors for expressing the variant alleles to produce variant mu opioid receptors, and antibodies to such variant receptors. Also disclosed are binding characteristics of such variant receptors regarding binding to opioid ligands, and the using of such binding characteristics to diagnose a subjects susceptibility to pain, susceptibility to an addictive disease, selecting an appropriate pain reliever along with a therapeutically effective amount of the reliever to administer to a subject suffering from pain. In addition, diagnostic methods for diagnosing a disease or disorder such as infertility, constipation, diarrhea, decreased immune response relative to a standard, and decreased ability to withstand stress relative to a standard, along with commercial kits for diagnosing such diseases or disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the high throughput analysis of polymorphisms of a family of genes associated with addiction and alcohol dependence. Included are probes prepared by a variety of techniques, a sample plate that may utilize DNA chip-type technology. The invention is adapted to identify both physiological and genetic conditions of subjects so tested, and should provide a rapid and inexpensive means for accomplishing the same.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of suppressing the cytotoxic activity of mammalian Natural Killer (NK) cells.The method of this invention comprises administering to an individual in need of treatment a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence corresponding to dynorphin A or a dynorphin A analog, including amidated analogs, in an amount sufficient to suppress the cytotoxic activity of NK cells. This invention is particularly useful for those individuals undergoing gene therapy who are to be infected with a viral or viroid vector containing a therapeutic gene. This invention is also useful to aid recipients of transplanted tissue and for individuals suffering from autoimmune diseases.