Abstract: A maintenance system for a wide area work-flow system in which plural work-flow systems operates with linking via a wide area network. A historical information management unit is connected to the wide area network and maintains operation history information for each of the plural work-flow systems operating automatically according to the work-flow defining a processing job flow. When a work-flow system of the plural work-flow systems recovers from system-down, mismatch or discrepancy is detected by comparing the historical information of the work-flow system with the historical information of the other work-flow systems of the plural work-flow systems. To improve the reliability, the operation history information stored in the historical information management unit is used when the work-flow systems are recovered from system-down.

Abstract: A compiling apparatus has a front end for providing intermediate representations according to a source program; an optimizing unit for optimizing the intermediate representations; an intermediate representation changing unit for changing the optimized intermediate representations; and a code output unit for providing code according to the lastly obtained intermediate representations. The compiling apparatus further has an optimizing structure determination unit for determining the number of repetitions of an optimization phase achieved by the optimizing unit and intermediate representation changing unit and selecting optimization functions carried out in each of the optimization phases. The intermediate representations are changed and optimized in each optimization phase according to the determination by the optimizing structure determination unit.