Abstract: The invention provides an evaluation method for a polycrystalline silicon film by which the film quality of a polycrystalline silicon film can be evaluated by a simple method. A silicon oxide film is formed on a p-type silicon substrate, and a photo-resist film having two openings therein is formed on the silicon oxide film. The silicon oxide film is etched to form openings therein, and a polycrystalline silicon film is deposited. Then, arsenic is ion implanted, and heat treatment is performed to form a diffused layer. The polycrystalline silicon film is patterned to form polycrystalline silicon electrodes. A voltage is applied between the polycrystalline silicon electrodes to measure a withstanding voltage and a condition of the diffused layer is recognized, and evaluation of the film quality of the polycrystalline silicon film and an interface condition between the polycrystalline silicon film and the p-type silicon substrate is performed based on the recognition.

Abstract: A plastic lens having an anti-reflecting and hard coat layer is provided. The anti-reflecting layer is formed by coating a lens with a hard coat solution containing at least one oxide sol, hardening the coated solution to give a hard coat layer and immersing the lens into an acidic or alkaline solution to dissolve the oxide particles contained in the hard coat layer so as to make the layer ununiform. The anti-reflecting effect of the formed layer is equivalent to that of a conventional anti-reflecting film consisting of three or more than three layers.

Abstract: A plastic lens having an anti-reflecting and hard coat layer is provided. The anti-reflecting layer is formed by coating a lens with a hard coat solution containing at least one oxide sol, hardening the coated solution to give a hard coat layer and immersing the lens into an acidic or alkaline solution to dissolve the oxide particles contained in the hard coat layer so as to make the layer non-uniform.The anti-reflecting effect of the formed layer is equivalent to that of a conventional anti-reflecting film consisting of at least three layers.

Abstract: Upper and lower vortex chambers are disposed immediately below a calcining furnace for calcining powdery raw materials. The scattering clinker particles from a fluidized-bed burning furnace are trapped in the lower vortex chamber and are returned to the fluidized-bed burning furnace so that the scattering clinker particles are positively prevented from flowing into the upper vortex chamber and the calcining furnace.