Abstract: A method of manufacturing a color filter having a substrate comprising black matrix sections and image forming sections, comprises a step of applying a treatment onto the substrate so as to provide influence to a contact angle between an ink meniscus and the black matrix sections before applying an ink onto the substrate.

Abstract: An image recording apparatus of the invention records an image on a recording medium by a scanning means which performs deflective scanning with light intensity-modulated in accordance with a recording signal. On-line image data is recorded by performing the deflective scanning a plurality of times. The recorded image has a larger number of gray levels than the number of modulation levels.

Abstract: In a method of controlling guide vanes of a multistage hydraulic machine including a plurality of stages interconnected by return passages of the type wherein under an abnormal condition which occurs when the operation of a water wheel or a pump is stopped or when the load of the water wheel is interrupted or the input of the pump is interrupted due to a fault of the machine, the guide vanes are closed such that the degree of opening of the guide vanes of a higher pressure stage is maintained to be always equal to or smaller than the degree of opening of the guide vanes of a lower pressure stage, the guide vanes of the lower pressure stage are not completely closed and maintains a predetermined small degree of opening when the guide vanes of the higher pressure stage are completely closed.