Abstract: A method for producing a polymerizable composition, the method including: step (1) of preparing composition A having a water content of 200 ppm by mass or less, the composition A including a polyisocyanate component but not including a polymerization catalyst; step (2) of preparing composition B having a water content of 1,000 ppm by mass or less, the composition B including a polythiol component; and step (3) of mixing the composition A and the composition B and obtaining a polymerizable composition, and also a method for producing an optical component, the method including: a step of injecting the above-mentioned polymerizable composition into a molding die; and a step of polymerizing the polymerizable composition.

Abstract: An n-type material for thermoelectric conversion obtained by doping a p-type material for thermoelectric conversion with a dopant, the p-type material for thermoelectric conversion containing a carbon nanotube and a conductive resin, in which the dopant contains an anion that is a complex ion, an alkali metal cation, and a cation scavenger.

Abstract: A method for producing a polymerizable composition, the method including: step (1) of preparing composition A having a water content of 200 ppm by mass or less, the composition A including a polyisocyanate component but not including a polymerization catalyst; step (2) of preparing composition B having a water content of 1,000 ppm by mass or less, the composition B including a polythiol component; and step (3) of mixing the composition A and the composition B and obtaining a polymerizable composition, and also a method for producing an optical component, the method including: a step of injecting the above-mentioned polymerizable composition into a molding die; and a step of polymerizing the polymerizable composition.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic charge image, the toner including: elemental iron, wherein a content of the elemental iron is in a range of 1.0×103 to 1.0×104 ppm, based on a total weight of the toner; elemental silicon, wherein a content of the elemental silicon is in a range of 1.0×103 to 5.0×103 ppm, based on a total weight of the toner; elemental sulfur, wherein a content of the elemental sulfur is in a range of 500 to 3,000 ppm, based on a total weight of the toner; optionally elemental fluorine, wherein a content of the elemental fluorine, if present, is in a range of 1.0×103 to 1.0×104 ppm; and a binder resin.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic charge image includes three or more elements selected from a group including an iron element, a silicon element, a sulfur element and a fluorine element and a binder resin including an amorphous polyester-based resin.

Abstract: A toner for electrostatic use includes a binder resin including an amorphous polyester resin having a urethane bond and a crystalline polyester resin, a metal ion forming a chemical bond with the binder resin, at least one colorant forming a coordinate bond with the metal ion and being supported on the binder resin through the metal ion, and at least three elements selected from an iron element, a silicon element, a sulfur element, and a fluorine element while including at least one of an iron element, a silicon element, and a sulfur element, wherein an amount of the iron element is about 1000 ppm to about 10000 ppm as an element concentration, an amount of the silicon element is about 1000 ppm to about 5000 ppm as an element concentration, and an amount of the sulfur element is about 500 ppm to about 3000 ppm as an element concentration.

Abstract: A toner for developing electrostatic images includes a binder, a colorant, iron, silicon, and sulfur. The colorant includes a phosphor and a non-fluorescent colorant. The phosphor includes either one or both of a nitride and an oxynitride each including an alkaline-earth metal, silicon, and an activator element. A volume average particle diameter of the phosphor is greater than or equal to about 50 nm and less than or equal to about 400 nm. An internal quantum efficiency of the phosphor at an excitation wavelength of 450 nm is greater than or equal to about 60%.

Abstract: A phosphor includes a nitride including an alkaline-earth metal element, silicon, and an activator element, wherein the phosphor has a volume average particle diameter ranging from about 50 nm to about 400 nm, and an internal quantum efficiency of greater than or equal to about 60% at an excitation wavelength of 450 nm, the phosphor is represented by a formula M2Si5N8, the M includes one or more alkaline-earth metal element selected from Ca, Sr, Ba, and Mg and including at least Sr, and one or more activator element selected from Eu and Ce and including at least Eu, an amount of the Sr included in the phosphor is about 15 mol % to about 99 mol % based on total moles of the M, and an amount of the activator element included in the phosphor is about 1 mol % to 20 mol % based on the total moles of the M.

Abstract: A toner for electrostatic use includes a binder resin including an amorphous polyester resin having a urethane bond and a crystalline polyester resin, a metal ion forming a chemical bond with the binder resin, at least one colorant forming a coordinate bond with the metal ion and being supported on the binder resin through the metal ion, and at least three elements selected from an iron element, a silicon element, a sulfur element, and a fluorine element while including at least one of an iron element, a silicon element, and a sulfur element, wherein an amount of the iron element is about 1000 ppm to about 10000 ppm as an element concentration, an amount of the silicon element is about 1000 ppm to about 5000 ppm as an element concentration, and an amount of the sulfur element is about 500 ppm to about 3000 ppm as an element concentration.

Abstract: Disclosed is a phosphor including at least one of a nitride and an oxynitride, wherein the nitride and the oxynitride contain an alkaline-earth metal element, silicon, and an activator element. wherein the phosphor has a volume average particle diameter of greater than or equal to about 50 nm and less than or equal to about 400 nm and an inner quantum efficiency of greater than or equal to about 60% at an excitation wavelength of about 450 nm. The method of preparing a phosphor includes a precursor preparation process of preparing a phosphor precursor particles including a silicon nitride particles, a compound containing an alkaline-earth metal element, and a compound containing an activator element, wherein the compound containing an alkaline-earth metal element and the compound containing an activator element are deposited on the surface of the silicon nitride particles; and a firing process of firing the phosphor precursor particles.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic charge image, the toner including: elemental iron, wherein a content of the elemental iron is in a range of 1.0×103 to 1.0×104 ppm, based on a total weight of the toner; elemental silicon, wherein a content of the elemental silicon is in a range of 1.0×103 to 5.0×103 ppm, based on a total weight of the toner; elemental sulfur, wherein a content of the elemental sulfur is in a range of 500 to 3,000 ppm, based on a total weight of the toner; optionally elemental fluorine, wherein a content of the elemental fluorine, if present, is in a range of 1.0×103 to 1.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic charge image, the toner including: elemental iron, wherein a content of the elemental iron is in a range of 1.0×103 to 1.0×104 ppm, based on a total weight of the toner; elemental silicon, wherein a content of the elemental silicon is in a range of 1.0×103 to 5.0×103 ppm, based on a total weight of the toner; elemental sulfur, wherein a content of the elemental sulfur is in a range of 500 to 3,000 ppm, based on a total weight of the toner; optionally elemental fluorine, wherein a content of the elemental fluorine, if present, is in a range of 1.0×103 to 1.0×104 ppm; and a binder resin.

Abstract: A toner including at least a crystalline resin as a binder resin, wherein a tetrahydrofuran soluble content of the toner includes 5.0% or more as a peak area of a component having a molecular weight of 100,000 or greater in a molecular weight distribution measured by gel permeation chromatography, and the tetrahydrofuran soluble content of the toner has a weight-average molecular weight of 20,000 to 60,000.

Abstract: A toner for developing electrostatic images includes a binder, a colorant, iron, silicon, and sulfur. The colorant includes a phosphor and a non-fluorescent colorant. The phosphor includes either one or both of a nitride and an oxynitride each including an alkaline-earth metal, silicon, and an activator element. A volume average particle diameter of the phosphor is greater than or equal to about 50 nm and less than or equal to about 400 nm. An internal quantum efficiency of the phosphor at an excitation wavelength of 450 nm is greater than or equal to about 60%.

Abstract: A phosphor includes a nitride including an alkaline-earth metal element, silicon, and an activator element, wherein the phosphor has a volume average particle diameter ranging from about 50 nm to about 400 nm, and an internal quantum efficiency of greater than or equal to about 60% at an excitation wavelength of 450 nm, the phosphor is represented by a formula M2Si5N8, the M includes one or more alkaline-earth metal element selected from Ca, Sr, Ba, and Mg and including at least Sr, and one or more activator element selected from Eu and Ce and including at least Eu, an amount of the Sr included in the phosphor is about 15 mol % to about 99 mol % based on total moles of the M, and an amount of the activator element included in the phosphor is about 1 mol % to 20 mol % based on the total moles of the M.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic charge image includes three or more elements selected from a group including an iron element, a silicon element, a sulfur element and a fluorine element and a binder resin including an amorphous polyester-based resin.

Abstract: A toner including at least a crystalline resin as a binder resin, wherein a tetrahydrofuran soluble content of the toner includes 5.0% or more as a peak area of a component having a molecular weight of 100,000 or greater in a molecular weight distribution measured by gel permeation chromatography, and the tetrahydrofuran soluble content of the toner has a weight-average molecular weight of 20,000 to 60,000.

Abstract: A toner including at least a crystalline resin as a binder resin, wherein a tetrahydrofuran soluble content of the toner includes 5.0% or more as a peak area of a component having a molecular weight of 100,000 or greater in a molecular weight distribution measured by gel permeation chromatography, and the tetrahydrofuran soluble content of the toner has a weight-average molecular weight of 20,000 to 60,000.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic charge image, the toner including: elemental iron, wherein a content of the elemental iron is in a range of 1.0×103 to 1.0×104 ppm, based on a total weight of the toner; elemental silicon, wherein a content of the elemental silicon is in a range of 1.0×103 to 5.0×103 ppm, based on a total weight of the toner; elemental sulfur, wherein a content of the elemental sulfur is in a range of 500 to 3,000 ppm, based on a total weight of the toner; optionally elemental fluorine, wherein a content of the elemental fluorine, if present, is in a range of 1.0×103 to 1.

Abstract: A toner including a crystalline resin wherein the crystalline resin contains a crystalline resin having a urethane bond, a urea bond or both thereof, and wherein the crystalline resin has an average crystallite diameter of 20 nm to 70 nm.