Abstract: A support body included in the solid electrolyte layer of the lithium ion secondary battery is constituted by a non-woven fabric having an air permeability in a range of 1 to 50 L/cm2/min, a thickness in a range of 5 to 30 ?m, and a density in a range of 0.15 to 0.45 g/cm3.

Abstract: A separator for alkaline batteries, which exhibits excellent strength, dimensional stability and chemical stability in an electrolyte solution, while having high shielding properties, high liquid holding properties and low resistance. A separator for alkaline batteries, which is used for the purpose of separating a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material from each other, and holding an electrolyte solution, and which is obtained by stacking and integrating a fiber layer A that has a density of 0.52-0.62 g/cm3 and a thickness of 25-35 ?m and a fiber layer B that has a density of 0.40-0.50 g/cm3 and a thickness of 25-35 ?m, so that the entirety of the separator has a density of 0.45-0.57 g/cm3 and a thickness of 50-70 ?m.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, and the separator contains polyphenylenesulfide fibers, aramid fibers, and cellulose fibers at ratios of 50 to 85 mass %, 10 to 30 mass %, and 5 to 35 mass %, respectively. This makes it possible to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte battery with characteristics that are less likely to deteriorate under a high-temperature environment and in which few defects occur during assembly.

Abstract: The present invention provides a separator for alkaline batteries and an alkaline battery improving reliability of prevention in internal short-circuits, and having good liquid retention and shielding property. To achieve this, the separator for alkaline batteries is made from a wet nonwoven fabric which contains at least alkali-resistant cellulose fibers and alkali-resistant synthetic fibers bound using a binder component; wherein an average pore diameter of the wet nonwoven fabric is 1 to 10 ?m. Moreover, the separator for alkaline batteries uses the wet nonwoven fabric having a maximum pore diameter of 20 to 60 ?m, a liquid retention rate of 400 to 700% during immersion in a 40% by mass KOH solution, and a swelling ratio of 30 to 45% during immersion in a 40% by mass KOH solution.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, and the separator contains polyphenylenesulfide fibers, aramid fibers, and cellulose fibers at ratios of 50 to 85 mass %, 10 to 30 mass %, and 5 to 35 mass %, respectively. This makes it possible to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte battery with characteristics that are less likely to deteriorate under a high-temperature environment and in which few defects occur during assembly.

Abstract: The present invention provides a separator for alkaline batteries and an alkaline battery improving reliability of prevention in internal short-circuits, and having good liquid retention and shielding property. To achieve this, the separator for alkaline batteries is made from a wet nonwoven fabric which contains at least alkali-resistant cellulose fibers and alkali-resistant synthetic fibers bound using a binder component; wherein an average pore diameter of the wet nonwoven fabric is 1 to 10 ?m. Moreover, the separator for alkaline batteries uses the wet nonwoven fabric having a maximum pore diameter of 20 to 60 ?m, a liquid retention rate of 400 to 700% during immersion in a 40% by mass KOH solution, and a swelling ratio of 30 to 45% during immersion in a 40% by mass KOH solution.

Abstract: Provided is a separator for alkaline batteries, which has low resistance, while exhibiting excellent strength in electrolyte solutions and excellent shielding properties. A separator for alkaline batteries, which is used for the purpose of separating a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material from each other and holding a electrolyte solution. This separator for alkaline batteries is composed of: a base layer that is formed only of alkali-resistant fibers; and an alkali-resistant resin layer that contains 0.1-25 g/m2 of an alkali-resistant resin. The alkali-resistant fibers of the base layer are configured to contain alkali-resistant cellulose fibers in an amount of 10 to 100% by mass.

Abstract: A cell gap adjusting device 2 for adjusting a thickness between a pair of substrate plates (cell gap) in a liquid crystal cell 1 having a liquid crystal filled between the pair of substrate plates bonded together through a seal member having a frame form and an opening in a predetermined point of a frame wall thereof, the cell gap adjusting device characterized by comprising: a supporting part 3 having one or more pairs of supporting jigs 30 (301a, 301b, 302a-302e) for clamping to support one or more of the liquid crystal cells 1 and closing seals 32 in a frame form arranged between the liquid crystal cell 1 and the supporting jigs 30 (301a, 301b, 302a-302e) to form an enclosed space by both outer surfaces of the pair of substrate plates of the liquid crystal cell 1, opposed surfaces of the one pair of support jigs 30 (301a, 301b, 302a-302e) to the liquid crystal cell 1 and an inner surface thereof (of the closing seal); and a pressurizing part 50 for simultaneously pressurizing both outer surfaces of the one

Abstract: The liquid crystal device of the present invention effectively prevents reversion of bright/dark states between a reflective display mode and a transmissive display mode. The liquid crystal device includes a first absorptive polarizer, which receives light from outside; a liquid crystal cell, which receives light emitted from the first absorptive polarizer; a second absorptive polarizer, which receives light emitted from the liquid crystal cell; and a reflective polarizer, which receives light emitted from the second absorptive polarizer. The reflective polarizer has an axis of reflection in a predetermined direction to reflect at least part of light that has been transmitted through the first absorptive polarizer, the liquid crystal cell, and the second absorptive polarizer to be incident on the reflective polarizer.

Abstract: A polarizer 25 in a light-incident optical system includes a polarized-light polarization axis 25t parallel to a predetermined direction. As a result of the passage of light through the polarizer 25, linearly polarized light Li including a vibration plane that includes the direction of the polarized-light polarization axis 25t is formed, and is incident upon a liquid crystal panel 10 at an incident angle &thgr;i. On the other hand, a detecting optical system is set so as to detect specularly reflected light formed as a result of the reflection of the linearly polarized light Li that has impinged upon the liquid crystal panel 10 at the incident angle &thgr;i. The specularly reflected light that exits from the liquid crystal panel 10 at an exiting angle &thgr;o that is substantially equal to the incident angle &thgr;i is incident upon a polarizer 26, and is eventually guided to a light detector 29.

Abstract: Light is transmitted through a compressing clamp which clamps the liquid crystal display panel 10, and the spectrum of light is obtained by a spectrometer 141. A cell thickness is detected based on a wavelength or a frequency at which the spectrum has the minimum or maximum value. The obtained cell thickness is compared with a desired value, and a pressure control unit 132 supplies the compressing clamp with a fluid in accordance with the result of the comparison.

Abstract: The liquid crystal device of the present invention effectively prevents reversion of bright/dark states between a reflective display mode and a transmissive display mode. The liquid crystal device includes a first absorptive polarizer, which receives light from outside; a liquid crystal cell, which receives light emitted from the first absorptive polarizer; a second absorptive polarizer, which receives light emitted from the liquid crystal cell; and a reflective polarizer, which receives light emitted from the second absorptive polarizer. The reflective polarizer has an axis of reflection in a predetermined direction to reflect at least part of light that has been transmitted through the first absorptive polarizer, the liquid crystal cell, and the second absorptive polarizer to be incident on the reflective polarizer.

Abstract: A polarizer 25 in a light-incident optical system includes a polarized-light polarization axis 25t parallel to a predetermined direction. As a result of the passage of light through the polarizer 25, linearly polarized light Li including a vibration plane that includes the direction of the polarized-light polarization axis 25t is formed, and is incident upon a liquid crystal panel 10 at an incident angle &thgr;i. On the other hand, a detecting optical system is set so as to detect specularly reflected light formed as a result of the reflection of the linearly polarized light Li that has impinged upon the liquid crystal panel 10 at the incident angle &thgr;i. The specularly reflected light that exits from the liquid crystal panel 10 at an exiting angle &thgr;o that is substantially equal to the incident angle &thgr;i is incident upon a polarizer 26, and is eventually guided to a light detector 29.

Abstract: The liquid crystal device of the present invention effectively prevents reversion of bright/dark states between a reflective display mode and a transmissive display mode. The liquid crystal device includes a first absorptive polarizer, which receives light from outside; a liquid crystal cell, which receives light emitted from the first absorptive polarizer; a second absorptive polarizer, which receives light emitted from the liquid crystal cell; and a reflective polarizer, which receives light emitted from the second absorptive polarizer. The reflective polarizer has an axis of reflection in a predetermined direction to reflect at least part of light that has been transmitted through the first absorptive polarizer, the liquid crystal cell, and the second absorptive polarizer to be incident on the reflective polarizer.

Abstract: Light is transmitted through a compressing clamp which clamps the liquid crystal display panel 10, and the spectrum of light is obtained by a spectrometer 141. A cell thickness is detected based on a wavelength or a frequency at which the spectrum has the minimum or maximum value. The obtained cell thickness is compared with a desired value, and a pressure control unit 132 supplies the compressing clamp with a fluid in accordance with the result of the comparison.

Abstract: A cell gap adjusting device 2 for adjusting a thickness between a pair of substrate plates (cell gap) in a liquid crystal cell 1 having a liquid crystal filled between the pair of substrate plates bonded together through a seal member having a frame form and an opening in a predetermined point of a frame wall thereof, the cell gap adjusting device characterized by comprising: a supporting part 3 having one or more pairs of supporting jigs 30 (301a, 301b, 302a-302e) for clamping to support one or more of the liquid crystal cells 1 and closing seals 32 in a frame form arranged between * the liquid crystal cell 1 and the supporting jigs 30 (301a, 301b, 302a-302e) to form an enclosed space by both outer surfaces of the pair of substrate plates of the liquid crystal cell 1, opposed surfaces of the one pair of support jigs 30 (301a, 301b, 302a-302e) to the liquid crystal cell 1 and an inner surface thereof (of the closing seal); and a pressurizing part 50 for simultaneously pressurizing both outer surfaces of the o

Abstract: The liquid crystal device of the present invention effectively prevents reversion of bright/dark states between a reflective display mode and a transmissive display mode. The liquid crystal device includes a first absorptive polarizer, which receives light from outside; a liquid crystal cell, which receives light emitted from the first absorptive polarizer; a second absorptive polarizer, which receives light emitted from the liquid crystal cell; and a reflective polarizer, which receives light emitted from the second absorptive polarizer. The reflective polarizer has an axis of reflection in a predetermined direction to reflect at least part of light that has been transmitted through the first absorptive polarizer, the liquid crystal cell, and the second absorptive polarizer to be incident on the reflective polarizer.

Abstract: The liquid crystal device of the present invention effectively prevents reversion of bright/dark states between a reflective display mode and a transmissive display mode. The liquid crystal device includes a first absorptive polarizer, which receives light from outside;a liquid crystal cell, which receives light emitted from the first absorptive polarizer; a second absorptive polarizer, which receives light emitted from the liquid crystal cell; and a reflective polarizer, which receives light emitted from the second absorptive polarizer. The reflective polarizer has an axis of reflection in a predetermined direction to reflect at least part of light that has been transmitted through the first absorptive polarizer, the liquid crystal cell, and the second absorptive polarizer to be incident on the reflective polarizer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display element having flexible substrates, wherein the liquid crystal material disposed between the flexible substrates contains a tolan derivative represented by the general formula: ##STR1## where R is a straight chain alkyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms.