Abstract: In a state where a shoulder member is in contact with a contact surface, a pin member is brought into contact with the contact surface to specify a pin movement amount, which is a distance from an initial position of the pin member to the contact surface, and specify a shoulder displacement amount, which is a displacement amount when the shoulder member is retreated as a result of the contact of the pin member. When both a first condition that the pin movement amount is included in a first range and a second condition that the shoulder displacement amount is included in a second range are satisfied, the pin member is retreated from the contact surface by a predetermined return amount, and furthermore, origin point alignment of the pin member and the shoulder member is performed on the basis of positions of the pin member and the shoulder member.

Abstract: A double-action friction stir joining system, which includes a double-action friction stir joining device, a cleaning mechanism having a dressing member, a robot, and a control device. The double-action friction stir joining device includes a first rotary driver configured to rotate a pin member and a shoulder member, and a tool driver configured to reciprocate the pin member and the shoulder member. The control device is adapted to (A) operate the tool driver so that the pin member is thrusted into the shoulder member, (B) operate the first rotary driver so that the shoulder member rotates, and (C) operate the robot so that the robot holds the double-action friction stir joining device and the dressing member contacts an inner circumferential surface of the shoulder member.

Abstract: A double-acting friction stir spot welding apparatus according to the present disclosure includes a pin member (11) formed in a cylindrical shape, a shoulder member (12) formed in a hollow cylindrical shape and into which the pin member (11) is inserted, a rotary drive (57) that rotates the pin member (11) and the shoulder member (12) on an axis (Xr) coaxial with the pin member (11), and a linear drive (53) that reciprocates each of the pin member (11) and the shoulder member (12) along the axis (Xr). Oil solution (70) is disposed at at least one circumferential surface among an outer circumferential surface (11c) of the pin member (11), an inner circumferential surface (12b) of the shoulder member (12), an outer circumferential surface (12c) of the shoulder member (12), and an inner circumferential surface (13b) of a clamp member (13).

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of synthesizing 2?-deoxy-2?,2?-difluorotetrahydrouridine with increased purity and uniform particle size distribution. In particular, methods of the invention include crystallization and isolation procedures rendering synthetic reaction intermediates. The invention further includes compositions comprising the final compound in highly pure form, including lower number of impurities and lower levels of individual and total impurities.

Abstract: A friction stir spot welder includes: a pin; a shoulder; a rotary driver; a tool driver; and circuitry that performs an operation of driving the rotary driver and the tool driver such that the pin and the shoulder press a workpiece by a first pressing force while rotating at a first rotational frequency, and after the operation, performs an operation of driving the rotary driver and the tool driver such that a tip of the shoulder in a rotating state is pressed in to a first position. The first position is a position corresponding to 46% or more of a thickness of the workpiece from a front surface of the workpiece. A press-in speed of the shoulder until the shoulder reaches the first position is a constant speed.

Abstract: A friction stir spot welding apparatus includes a pin member formed in a solid cylindrical shape, a shoulder member formed in a hollow cylindrical shape, the pin member being inserted in the shoulder member, a rotary actuator that rotates the pin member and the shoulder member on an axis that is in agreement with an axial center of the pin member, and a linear actuator that linearly moves each of the pin member and the shoulder member along the axis. A tip-end part of the shoulder member is formed in a tapered shape.

Abstract: A method for operating a double-action friction stir welding device including a welding tool having a pin member and a shoulder member, a projection/retraction mechanism for causing the pin member to project/retract relative to the shoulder member, a rotation mechanism for rotating a welding tool, and an advancing/retracting mechanism for advancing/retracting the welding tool, the method including cleaning at least one of the outer circumferential surface of the pin member and the inner circumferential surface of a through hole of the shoulder member on the basis of the level of an adhesion parameter correlated with the degree of adhesion of the material of a welding object, caused by friction stir welding, on the outer circumferential surface of the pin member and the inner circumferential surface of the through hole of the shoulder member.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the technique, there is provided a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, including checking a leak from a process furnace before a substrate is processed. The checking includes: (a) measuring, by a partial pressure sensor provided at an exhaust pipe, an oxygen partial pressure value of a residual oxygen after the process furnace is vacuum-exhausted; (b) comparing the oxygen partial pressure value measured by the partial pressure sensor with a threshold value; and (c) when the oxygen partial pressure value is higher than the threshold value in (b), performing at least one among: purging the process furnace and evacuating the process furnace.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of synthesizing 2?-deoxy-2?,2?-difluorotetrahydrouridine with increased purity and uniform particle size distribution. In particular, methods of the invention include crystallization and isolation procedures rendering synthetic reaction intermediates. The invention further includes compositions comprising the final compound in highly pure form, including lower number of impurities and lower levels of individual and total impurities.

Abstract: A friction stir spot welding apparatus including a controller that (A) operates a rotary driver and a tool driver such that a pin and a shoulder are brought into contact with a welded workpiece; (B) operates, after the step (A), the rotary driver and the tool driver such that the pin separates from the welded workpiece; and (C) operates, after the step (B), the rotary driver and the tool driver such that the pin advances toward the welded workpiece. The controller controls the tool driver such that pressing force applied to the welded workpiece from the pin and the shoulder in the step (C) is smaller than that in the step (B) and/or controls the rotary driver such that rotational frequencies of the pin and the shoulder in the step (C) are lower than those in the step (B).

Abstract: According to one aspect of the technique, there is provided a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, including checking a leak from a process furnace before a substrate is processed. The checking includes: (a) measuring, by a partial pressure sensor provided at an exhaust pipe, an oxygen partial pressure value of a residual oxygen after the process furnace is vacuum-exhausted; (b) comparing the oxygen partial pressure value measured by the partial pressure sensor with a threshold value; and (c) when the oxygen partial pressure value is higher than the threshold value in (b), performing at least one among: purging the process furnace and evacuating the process furnace.

Abstract: A double-acting friction stir spot welding apparatus according to the present disclosure includes a pin member (11) formed in a cylindrical shape, a shoulder member (12) formed in a hollow cylindrical shape and into which the pin member (11) is inserted, a rotary drive (57) that rotates the pin member (11) and the shoulder member (12) on an axis (Xr) coaxial with the pin member (11), and a linear drive (53) that reciprocates each of the pin member (11) and the shoulder member (12) along the axis (Xr). Oil solution (70) is disposed at at least one circumferential surface among an outer circumferential surface (11c) of the pin member (11), an inner circumferential surface (12b) of the shoulder member (12), an outer circumferential surface (12c) of the shoulder member (12), and an inner circumferential surface (13b) of a clamp member (13).

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compounds and processes for the preparation of hypomethylating agents, including guadecitabine and salts thereof. The present disclosure also provides solid forms of guadecitabine sodium, including polymorphs that can exhibit decreased hygroscopicity and increased stability relative to other solid forms.

Abstract: A friction stir spot welding apparatus includes: a pin that is columnar; a shoulder that is cylindrical, the pin being within the shoulder; a rotary driver that rotates the pin and the shoulder about an axis that coincides with a center axis of the pin; and an advance-retreat driver that advances and retreats the pin and the shoulder along the axis. A first groove is formed at a tip end portion of an outer peripheral surface of the shoulder so as to extend in a direction along the center axis of the pin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of mono-deuterated-lower-alkylating the amine part in a compound having an amine protected with an aralkyl, which comprises introducing mono-deuterated lower-alkyl into the amine with a deuterated-lower-alkylating agent under neutral or basic condition, and then deprotecting the aralkyl group.

Abstract: A friction spot joining device configured to carry out friction spot joining of a pair of plates includes an advance-retreat drive configured to advance and retreat a tool to/from the plates a rotation drive configured to rotate the tool, and a controller configured to control the advance-retreat drive and the rotation drive. The controller executes a joining control in which the tool is caused to give pressure to the plates while the tool is rotated so that the tool is pushed into the plates, and a separating control in which the tool is separated from the plates when an integrated value (P=ID×?T) calculated using a current value (ID) of the rotation drive during the joining control and a driving period of time (?T) during the joining control is determined to be reached a target value.

Abstract: During friction stir spot welding, a controller executes a temperature holding control in which the controller controls a rotation driving unit so that a rotational speed of a tool is set to a value which is equal to or lower than a predetermined rotational speed at which a temperature of the tool is regarded as being equal to a welding temperature of lapped portions, and in which the controller controls a displacement driving unit to increase and reduce a welding pressure or plunge depth of the tool so that the temperature of the tool is held in a predetermined set range.

Abstract: A friction stir spot welding apparatus including a controller that (A) operates a rotary driver and a tool driver such that a pin and a shoulder are brought into contact with a welded workpiece; (B) operates, after the (A), the rotary driver and the tool driver such that the pin separates from the welded workpiece; and (C) operates, after the (B), the rotary driver and the tool driver such that the pin advances toward the welded workpiece. The controller controls the tool driver such that pressing force applied to the welded workpiece from the pin and the shoulder in the (C) is smaller than that in the (B) and/or controls the rotary driver such that rotational frequencies of the pin and the shoulder in the (C) are lower than those in the (B).

Abstract: A double-action friction stir joining system, which includes a double-action friction stir joining device, a cleaning mechanism having a dressing member, a robot, and a control device. The double-action friction stir joining device includes a first rotary driver configured to rotate a pin member and a shoulder member, and a tool driver configured to reciprocate the pin member and the shoulder member. The control device is adapted to (A) operate the tool driver so that the pin member is thrusted into the shoulder member, (B) operate the first rotary driver so that the shoulder member rotates, and (C) operate the robot so that the robot holds the double-action friction stir joining device and the dressing member contacts an inner circumferential surface of the shoulder member.

Abstract: A method of performing friction stir spot welding of a plurality of steel plates, includes the steps of: friction stirring a spot welding portion of the plurality of steel plates by pressing a tool against the spot welding portion while rotating the tool, to plasticize the spot welding portion by friction heat; cooling the spot welding portion to cause martensitic transformation to occur in the spot welding portion, after the step of friction stirring the spot welding portion; and tempering the spot welding portion by the friction heat by re-pressing the tool against the spot welding portion while rotating the tool, after the step of cooling the spot welding portion.