Abstract: According to an embodiment, a semiconductor device includes a wireless station selection unit configured to select a connection destination wireless station from among a plurality of wireless stations. The wireless station selection unit includes a power calculation processing unit, a storage unit, a table update processing unit, and a power variation range detection processing unit. The power calculation processing unit is configured to calculate power of each receiving signal from each of the wireless stations. The storage unit is configured to store a table, and the power of each receiving signal equal to or more than a predetermined threshold is recorded in the table in association with each of the wireless stations. The table update processing unit is configured to update the table at a predetermined timing interval.

Abstract: A radio communication apparatus that performs first radio communication using a first channel among two first channels each having a first channel width, and second radio communication using a second channel having a second channel width that is wider than the first channel width and also having a channel width overlapping with the two first channels. The apparatus includes an interference detection device which detects that interference occurs in the first channel among the two first channels, and a frame generation unit which generates a notification frame that recommends the use of only the first channel width. An instruction unit instructs the frame generation unit to generate the notification frame when the occurrence of interference is detected by the interference detection device. A frame transmission unit transmits the notification frame generated from the frame generation unit in response to the instruction from the instruction unit.

Abstract: In a radio communication system that simultaneously uses plural radio channels, a radio communication apparatus can quickly secure plural radio channels simultaneously used for radio communication while preventing collision with a radio signal transmitted by another radio communication apparatus so away from the radio communication apparatus that the radio communication apparatus cannot detect radio waves.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image developing carrier is provided which comprises a core particle and a resin coating layer containing conductive particles dispersed therein, the carrier having a volume average particle diameter of 25 to 60 ?m and an average degree of circularity of 0.975 or more, wherein the core particle has a BET specific surface area of 0.1 to 0.3 m2/g and an internal void ratio of 10% or less.

Abstract: Broadcast data is divided into a plurality of broadcast channels. Any of the plurality of broadcast channels is placed on a predetermined subcarrier in each of a plurality of main bands such that the placed broadcast channels differ from each other in a same frame and are consecutive in a predetermined order in a frame direction. The subcarriers are converted into a transmit RF signal and the transmit RF signal is transmitted.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a member to be cleaned and a cleaning roller driven by contact with the member to be cleaned, and the apparatus is configured such that abrasive grains and at least one of a release agent and a solid lubricant are supplied to the member to be cleaned and that the supplied abrasive grains and the supplied at least one of a release agent and a solid lubricant move on a surface of the member to be cleaned in an axial direction of the cleaning roller.

Abstract: A wireless communication apparatus includes a first wireless communicator, a second wireless communicator, and a controller. The first wireless communicator transmits and receives a wireless signal according to a first communication protocol, and scans a notice signal during a predetermined scan term in a first cycle non-integer times at least one of notice signal cycles in the first communication protocol. The second wireless communicator transmits and receives the wireless signal according to a second communication protocol. The controller switches the second wireless communicator to an non-transmission state and the first wireless communicator to a reception state during the scan term.

Abstract: A wireless communication apparatus includes a main queue to store MAC frames, a plurality of subqueues related to the main queue and used to control retransmission of the MAC frame, each of the subqueues having different priority for transmission of the MAC frame, respectively, an extracting device configured to extract the MAC frame from the main queue on the basis of a destination and the priority, and distribute the extracted MAC frame to one of the plurality of subqueues for each priority, and an aggregating device configured to extract MAC frames from the plurality of subqueues to form a MAC super frame.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic image includes a toner particle to which particles of an external additive A having a number average particle diameter of from 7 nm to 200 nm and particles of an external additive B having a number average particle diameter of from 30 nm to 4000 nm have been externally added. The ratio of the number average particle diameter of the particles of the external additive B to the number average particle diameter of the particles of the external additive A is in a range of from 2 to 20. The particles of one of the external additive A or the external additive B are particles having a core material covered with an organic material containing hydrogen and nitrogen. The particles of the other one of the external additive A or the external additive B are SiO2 particles.

Abstract: A communication apparatus having a generating which generates a single physical frame for transmission and reception. The physical frame includes a first Quality of Service (QoS) data frame, a second Quality of Service (QoS) data frame, and a transmission request for requesting transmission of first acknowledgement information corresponding to the first QoS data frame and second acknowledgement information corresponding to the second QoS data frame. The communication apparatus includes a transmitting unit configured to transmit the physical frame and a receiving unit configured to receive acknowledgment information including a reception of the physical frame transmitted.

Abstract: A wireless communication apparatus performs bi-directional communication with an initiator. The apparatus is allocated an allocation period for data transmission from the initiator. The apparatus includes means for generating a first physical frame including an acknowledgement frame with respect to data received from the initiator, and generating a second physical frame in which a plurality of transmission data frames addressed to the initiator are aggregated. The apparatus also includes means for transmitting the first physical frame at a first transmission rate and the second physical frame at a second transmission rate, during the allocation period.

Abstract: A communication apparatus includes a receiving device configured to receive one physical frame in which a plurality of MAC frames are aggregated. This physical frame includes one acknowledgement request frame for the plurality of MAC frames. The apparatus includes an acknowledgement frame forming device configured to form an acknowledgement frame representing reception statuses of the plurality of MAC frames in response to the acknowledgement request frame. The apparatus also includes a transmitting device configured to transmit the acknowledgement frame. This acknowledgement frame includes a compressed acknowledgement frame representing an acknowledgement bitmap having a size equal to a maximum number of MSDUs (MAC Service Data Units) when one MPDU (MAC Protocol Data Unit) corresponds to one MSDU.

Abstract: There is disclosed a wireless communication apparatus in which a first wireless communication using one first channel of two first channels each having a first bandwidth, and a second wireless communication using a second channel having a second bandwidth wider than the first bandwidth and having a band overlapping those of the two first channels are performed. A selection unit selects a Basic Service Set (BSS) operational mode on the basis of a load amount of the other first channel of the two first channels. A generation unit generates a management frame indicating the BSS operational mode selected by the BSS mode selection unit. A transmission unit transmits the management frame.

Abstract: In a radio communication system that simultaneously uses plural radio channels (STA1), a radio communication apparatus (11-15; 20-25) can quickly secure plural radio channels simultaneously used for radio communication while preventing collision with a radio signal transmitted by another radio communication apparatus so away from the radio communication apparatus that the radio communication apparatus cannot detect radio waves.

Abstract: By using multiple channels at the same time to realize broadbanding of the frequency channels and suppressing increase in the waiting time before starting transmission of wireless signals, improvement of the practical throughput can be realized.

Abstract: A communication apparatus includes a receiving device configured to receive one physical frame in which a plurality of MAC frames are aggregated. This physical frame includes one acknowledgement request frame for the plurality of MAC frames. The apparatus includes an acknowledgement frame forming device configured to form an acknowledgement frame representing reception statuses of the plurality of MAC frames in response to the acknowledgement request frame. The apparatus also includes a transmitting device configured to transmit the acknowledgement frame. This acknowledgement frame includes a compressed acknowledgement frame representing an acknowledgement bitmap having a size equal to a maximum number of MSDUs (MAC Service Data Units) when one MPDU (MAC Protocol Data Unit) corresponds to one MSDU.

Abstract: An image forming device including: an image holding member; a charging member; a latent image-forming unit; a developing unit that develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the image holding member with a developer including a toner and a carrier, the toner comprising an external additive having first inorganic particles with a volume average particle diameter of 80 nm to 300 nm, and the carrier including a core material having a magnetic powder dispersed in a resin and a resin covering layer that covers the core material; a transfer unit; a removal unit; and an aggregation-forming unit that, by contacting a surface of the charging member and rotating in accordance with rotation of the charging member, removes adherents on the surface of the charging member, including the first inorganic particles, from the surface of the charging member, and forms aggregations in which the removed first inorganic particles are aggregated.

Abstract: A wireless communication apparatus performs bi-directional communication with an initiator. The apparatus is allocated an allocation period for data transmission from the initiator. The apparatus includes means for generating a first physical frame including an acknowledgement frame with respect to data received from the initiator, and generating a second physical frame in which a plurality of transmission data frames addressed to the initiator are aggregated. The apparatus also includes means for transmitting the first physical frame at a first transmission rate and the second physical frame at a second transmission rate, during the allocation period.

Abstract: A communication apparatus includes a receiving device configured to receive a physical frame in which a plurality of MAC frames, each having a sequence number, are aggregated. A reception buffer which stores MAC frames of the physical frame received by the receiving device. A determination device determines whether or not the first MAC frame in the physical frame received by the receiving device has been successfully received. A reception buffer management device determines, when the first MAC frame has been successfully received, a MAC frame to be forwarded to an upper layer, on the basis of the sequence number of the first MAC frame, and extracts the MAC frame from the reception buffer.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a magnetic recording device includes a write controller to control such that writing first information having a same polarity throughout the first information in a predetermined region including a plurality of tracks in a recording medium, writing second information in a target track located within or close to the predetermined region, and writing third information having, at an end of the writing, a polarity opposite to the polarity of the first information in a region of the target track in which the second information is not written, are performed; a read controller to control such that the second information is read after each of writing of the second information and writing of the third information; and a determiner to determine occurrence of pole erasing based on each second information read under the control by the read controller.