Abstract: A light-emitting element includes an anode, a cathode, a hole transporting layer provided between the anode and cathode, a light-emitting layer provided in contact with the hole transporting layer between the anode and cathode, where the surface of the light-emitting layer side of the hole transporting layer is formed in a shape having a part in which the distance with the reference surface along the anode changes in a continuous or step-wise manner, and the surface of the opposite side to the hole transporting layer of the light-emitting layer is formed so as to have the same shape as the surface of the light-emitting layer of the hole transporting layer.

Abstract: An organic EL element manufacturing method includes coating ink which contains a functional layer forming material in a coating region which is configured by a pixel electrode and a partition wall which surrounds a periphery of the pixel electrode, where, in the coating ink, the ink is coated so as to satisfy the following expressions (1) to (3) in a case where a contact angle of the ink with respect to the side surface of the partition wall is set to ?bc and a contact angle with respect to a surface of the coating region where the ink is coated is set to ?lc.

Abstract: Provided is a developing device including an accommodating unit that contains a developer, a transport member that holds the developer on an outer surface and transports the developer outside from the accommodating unit, a layer regulating member that faces the outer surface of the transport member with a gap, extends in a direction intersecting a direction in which the developer is transported, and regulates a layer thickness of the developer, and a removal member that is inserted into the gap, moves along the direction in which the layer regulating member extends, and removes the developer from the gap.

Abstract: An ink for forming a functional layer, which is used when any thin film layer among functional layers consisting of a plurality of thin film layers is formed, includes a functional layer forming material and a solvent for dissolving the functional layer forming material, and in which the number of particles of 0.5 ?m or more is 7 or less in 10 ml of the ink for forming a functional layer.

Abstract: Provided is a developing device including an accommodating unit that contains a developer, a transport member that holds the developer on an outer surface and transports the developer outside from the accommodating unit, a layer regulating member that faces the outer surface of the transport member with a gap, extends in a direction intersecting a direction in which the developer is transported, and regulates a layer thickness of the developer, and a removal member that is inserted into the gap, moves along the direction in which the layer regulating member extends, and removes the developer from the gap.

Abstract: An organic EL element manufacturing method includes coating ink which contains a functional layer forming material in a coating region which is configured by a pixel electrode and a partition wall which surrounds a periphery of the pixel electrode, where, in the coating ink, the ink is coated so as to satisfy the following expressions (1) to (3) in a case where a contact angle of the ink with respect to the side surface of the partition wall is set to ?bc and a contact angle with respect to a surface of the coating region where the ink is coated is set to ?lc.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing an organic EL device, a first luminescent layer emitting first color light is formed over a first anode disposed on a substrate by coating. A second luminescent layer emitting second color light is formed over a second anode disposed on the substrate. An intermediate layer having electron injection performance is formed on the first luminescent layer and the second luminescent layer. A third luminescent layer emitting third color light is formed over the intermediate layer and a third anode disposed on the substrate by vapor deposition. A cathode is formed on the third luminescent layer.

Abstract: A developing unit includes: a developing roller; a first conveying member provided in a first container, having a first shaft and a spiral blade, that agitates and conveys developer; a second conveying member provided in a second container connected to the first container via a hole, having a second shaft and a spiral blade, that agitates and conveys the developer; and a supplying member having a third shaft and a paddle blade, that supplies the developer conveyed by the first or the second conveying member to a developing roller, wherein: at least one of the first and second shafts includes a first portion that faces the hole and a second portion that does not face the hole; and a diameter of the at least one of the first and second shafts in at least a part of the first portion is smaller than a diameter in the second portion.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device includes a pair of electrodes, and a first organic layer and a second organic layer in contact with each other formed between the electrodes by a wet process. The first organic layer contains a crosslinkable organic material and includes a crosslinked layer formed by crosslinking the crosslinkable organic material at least at the interface with the second organic layer.

Abstract: An organic EL device includes an organic EL element that includes an anode having a reflective face, a cathode having a semi-transmissive reflective layer, and a functional layer, which is pinched between the anode and the cathode and includes at least an organic light emitting layer, and configures a color pixel that implements light emission corresponding to at least a red color. The color pixel configured by the organic EL element forms an optical resonator between the reflective face of the anode and the semi-transmissive reflective layer of the cathode. The color pixel corresponding to the red color has a film thickness profile of the functional layer in a convex shape in which a center portion is relatively thick, and a periphery portion is relatively thin or a concave shape in which the center portion is relatively thin, and the periphery portion is relatively thick.

Abstract: An organic EL device includes a first organic EL element and a second organic EL element on an underlying layer that includes a first drive circuit unit for driving the first organic EL element and a second drive circuit unit for driving the second organic EL element. The organic EL device includes a partition on the underlying layer defining a first region including a first light-emitting layer of the first organic EL element and a second region including a second light-emitting layer of the second organic EL element. The partition defines the first film-forming region such that the first film-forming region includes the first drive circuit unit and the second film-forming region such that the second film-forming region does not include at least part of the second drive circuit unit. The first light-emitting layer is formed by a different method from that used for the second light-emitting layer.

Abstract: A developing device includes: a container that contains a developer including toner; a partition that forms a plurality of chambers by partitioning an interior space of the container; an agitation mechanism that agitates the developer in the interior space and moves the developer between the plurality of chambers; a transport section that is supplied with the developer from the container, and transports the developer to a surface of an image carrier that carries an electrostatic latent image such that the transported developer is close to or contacts the surface of the image carrier, thereby developing the electrostatic latent image; and a driving mechanism that moves at least the partition.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device includes partition walls dividing a region into a first region, a second region and a third region, a first organic layer disposed in the first region, a second organic layer disposed in the second region, and a third organic layer disposed in the third region. The first region includes a plurality of effective pixels involved in light emission, continuously disposed along a first aligning axis. Each effective pixel includes an effective pixel electrode, a common electrode, and the first organic layer between the effective pixel electrode and the common electrode. The second region and the third region oppose each other with the first region therebetween, and the first region, the second region and the third region are aligned along the first aligning axis.

Abstract: A method of forming an organic layer by using a liquid composition comprising a small molecule organic semiconductor material mixed in a ketone solvent. The liquid composition is deposited on a surface to form the organic layer. The ketone solvent may be an aromatic ketone solvent, such as a tetralone solvent. The organic semiconductor material may be cross-linkable to provide a cross-linked organic layer. The method can be used to make organic electronic devices, such as organic light emitting devices. In another aspect, the liquid composition comprises a small molecule organic semiconductor material mixed in an aromatic ether solvent. Also, provided are liquid compositions which can be used to make organic layers.

Abstract: A developing unit includes: a developing roller; a first conveying member provided in a first container, having a first shaft and a spiral blade, that agitates and conveys developer; a second conveying member provided in a second container connected to the first container via a hole, having a second shaft and a spiral blade, that agitates and conveys the developer; and a supplying member having a third shaft and a paddle blade, that supplies the developer conveyed by the first or the second conveying member to a developing roller, wherein: at least one of the first and second shafts includes a first portion that faces the hole and a second portion that does not face the hole; and a diameter of the at least one of the first and second shafts in at least a part of the first portion is smaller than a diameter in the second portion.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device includes: a substrate; an organic layer that is capable of emitting light; and partition walls that surround pixel regions provided on the substrate. In the organic electroluminescent device, the organic layer is formed so as to continue to the pixel regions surrounded by the partition walls and the upper surface of the partition walls. When the height of the partition walls is set to HB and the thickness of the organic layer in the pixel regions is set to HE, the height HB of the partition walls is set to be equal to or smaller than two times the thickness HE.

Abstract: A belt cleaner is provided in which a scraping portion of a scraper becomes in contact with the belt surface over the full width thereof even when the trough-shape of the belt surface is different from the shape as expected, thereby the leavings on the belt surface will be scraped off in an optimum manner. The scraper is formed by a resiliently deformable blade which is curved and held in a holding groove of a holder so that the scraper (5) keeps an arcuate shape having a distance (L) between the central portion and the both side portions thereof with respect to the lengthwise direction of the belt. Shape shifting means (20) is provided in the holding groove (13) for transforming the scraper (5) into a desired curved configuration selected from among plural curved configurations changing the distance (L) thereby the scraper (5) is held in the selected curved configuration.

Abstract: A method for producing an organic electroluminescent device includes forming a first electrode configured to partially cover a substrate, forming an organic light-emitting layer configured to cover the first electrode, forming an optically transparent second electrode that lies on a side of the organic light-emitting layer opposite the side adjacent to the first electrode and is superposed on a current-carrying portion of the first electrode in plan, forming a third electrode in at least part of a region that is not superposed on the current-carrying portion in plan, the third electrode being electrically connected to part of the second electrode, forming an optically transparent protective layer configured to cover at least a region of the second electrode where the second electrode is not superposed on the third electrode in plan, and removing part of the organic light-emitting layer with the third electrode and the protective layer serving as a mask.

Abstract: An organic EL device includes a first organic EL element and a second organic EL element on an underlying layer that includes a first drive circuit unit for driving the first organic EL element and a second drive circuit unit for driving the second organic EL element. The organic EL device includes a partition on the underlying layer defining a first region including a first light-emitting layer of the first organic EL element and a second region including a second light-emitting layer of the second organic EL element. The partition defines the first film-forming region such that the first film-forming region includes the first drive circuit unit and the second film-forming region such that the second film-forming region does not include at least part of the second drive circuit unit. The first light-emitting layer is formed by a different method from that used for the second light-emitting layer.