Abstract: An alkyl-substituted hydrocarbon is prepared by alkylating an aromatic hydrocarbon having at least one hydrogen atom at an alpha-position in a side chain with an olefin in the presence of a solid base which is obtainable by heating an alumina, an alkali metal hydroxide and an alkali metal or an alumina containing at least 1.3% by weight of water and an alkali metal in an inert gas atmosphere at a specific temperature as a catalyst.

Abstract: The projection-type display device has a light source emitting a parallel luminous flux, a liquid crystal light valve disposed on the luminous flux and outputs a rectangular two-dimensional image to be projected on a screen, and a projection lens magnifying the rectangular two-dimensional image output. The light source has a first concave mirror (parabolic mirror) the reflective surface of which is oriented in the direction of emission of the luminous flux, a lamp laced in front of the first concave mirror, and a second concave mirror (parabolic mirror or spherical mirror), the reflective surface of which is oriented toward the first concave mirror. In the second concave mirror is formed an aperture window, which is a rectangle of substantially similar to that of the liquid crystal light valve and emits a rectangular luminous flux.

Abstract: Three light fluxes are modulated by corresponding light valves so as to project a color image on a screen. An interference filter for selectively transmitting a light flux which is emitted in a direction perpendicular to a light emitting surface of the interference filter is disposed on the light-emitting portion so as to increase the intensity of light fluxes which are emitted in the forward direction. A light-flux-emitting portion of a light source and the light valve have approximately the same configuration so that the intensity of the light fluxes to be projected on the light valves is increased.

Abstract: In a projection display device having an illumination optical system which converts the light emitted from a point light source into a substantially parallel luminous flux, a light valve which modulates the light flux, and an optical projection system which projects images on the light valve onto a screen, the illumination optical system converts the light into a substantially parallel luminous flux having a cross section of substantially the same size and shape, e.g., rectangular shape, as the shape of the frame of the light valve.

Abstract: Production of novel hydrocarbon-soluble salts, especially adapted for use as catalysts in the epoxidation of olefinic compounds with an organic hydroperoxide, by reaction of an ammonium molybdate with a carboxylic acid in the presence of an organic amine at specified elevated temperatures while removing water.

Abstract: A continuous process for producing 5-vinyl-2-norbornene, useful as the raw material of 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene used as a termonomer for EPDM, from a mixture of cyclopentadiene and butadiene or from a mixture of cyclopentadiene and dicyclopentadiene and butadiene by the Diels-Alder reaction which process comprises adding from 10 to 10,000 ppm of N,N-diethylhydroxylamine or 4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl relative to the total weight of cyclopentadiene and butadiene or of a mixture of cyclopentadiene and dicyclopentadiene and butadiene, continuously introducing the resulting mixture into a pressure reaction vessel, allowing them to react in the absence of any gas phase portion within the said pressure reaction vessel, and continuously withdrawing the reaction product.

Abstract: 5-Ethylidene-2-norbornene with high quality is effectively prepared by isomerization 5-vinyl-2-norbornene containing 1 ppm to 0.5% by weight of 4-vinylcyclohexene in the presence of at least one catalyst selected from the group consisting of a solid base catalyst which is prepared by reacting alumina, an alkali metal hydroxide and an alkali metal in a temperature range of 200.degree. to 500.degree. C. and a solid base catalyst which is prepared by reacting water-containing alumina and an alkali metal in such an amount that exceeds a molar equivalent of water contained in alumina at a temperature in a range between a melting point of the alkali metal and 500.degree. C. in an inert gas atmosphere.

Abstract: Production of novel hydrocarbon-soluble salts, especially adapted for use as catalysts in the epoxidation of olefinic compounds with an organic hydroperoxide, by reaction of an ammonium molybdate with a carboxylic acid in the presence of an organic amine at specified elevated temperatures while removing water.

Abstract: A method of purification of crude .beta.-phenylethyl alcohol to give a highly pure .beta.-phenylethyl alcohol suitable as a perfume, which comprises subjecting the crude .beta.-phenylethyl alcohol to azeotropic distillation in the presence of an azeotropic solvent selected from water, an alkylene glycol, an alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether and a mixture of two or more kinds of these solvents, or extractive distillation in the presence of an extractive solvent selected from glycerine, an alkylene glycol, a polyalkylene glycol, an alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether, a polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether and a mixture of two or more kinds of these solvents.

Abstract: An improved process for producing an ester from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol which comprises reacting said carboxylic acid with said alcohol by the use of a 1-substituted-2-halopyridinium salt or a 1-substituted-2-haloquinolinium salt as a condensing agent in the presence of a hydrogen halide captor. According to this process, various esters, even if they have some steric hindrances, may be obtained in good yields.

Abstract: An improved process for producing a large ring lactone which comprises subjecting a hydroxy acid to intramolecular condensation by the use of a 1-substituted-2-halopyridinium salt or a 1-substituted-2-haloquinolinium salt as a condensing agent in the presence of an acid captor in an anhydrous organic solvent. According to this process, a variety of lactones, even complex lactones such as macrolides can be obtained in good yields.