Abstract: A flow battery includes: a first liquid containing dissolved therein a condensed aromatic compound and lithium; a first electrode immersed in the first liquid; and a first circulator including a first container and a first passage prevention member. The first liquid containing the condensed aromatic compound dissolved therein has the property of causing the lithium to release solvated electrons and dissolve as cations. When the lithium dissolved in the first liquid precipitates on the first electrode, lithium precipitate particles are generated. The first circulator circulates the first liquid between the first electrode and the first container. The first circulator transfers the lithium precipitate particles generated on the first electrode to the first container. The first passage prevention member is disposed in a channel through which the first liquid flows from the first container to the first electrode. The first passage prevention member prevents passage of the lithium precipitate particles.

Abstract: A flow battery according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes: a first liquid containing dissolved therein a charge mediator and a discharge mediator; a first electrode immersed in the first liquid; and a first active material immersed in the first liquid. The equilibrium potential of the charge mediator is lower than the equilibrium potential of the first active material, and the equilibrium potential of the discharge mediator is higher than the equilibrium potential of the first active material.

Abstract: A battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode containing graphite, and an electrolyte solution containing 2,2?-bipyridyl. The molar ratio of 2,2?-bipyridyl in the electrolyte solution to the graphite is 4.091×10?6 or less.

Abstract: A flow battery includes a first liquid, a second liquid, a first electrode immersed in the first liquid, a second electrode being a counter electrode of the first electrode and immersed in the second liquid, and an isolation unit separating the first electrode and the first liquid from the second electrode and the second liquid. Lithium is dissolved in at least one of the first liquid and the second liquid. The first liquid and the second liquid have a property of emitting solvated electrons of lithium and dissolving the lithium as a cation.

Abstract: A negative-electrode active material for a sodium-ion secondary battery contains a porous carbon material which has a plurality of open pores that extend through to the surface, a plurality of closed pores that do not extend through to the surface, and a solid made of carbon material. The distance between (002) planes of the solid portion is not less than 0.340 nm and not more than 0.410 nm. The plurality of closed pores account for a volume ratio of not less than 0% and not more than 10% with respect to a total volume of the plurality of open pores, the plurality of closed pores, and the solid portion. The plurality of open pores account for a volume ratio of not less than 0% and not more than 50% with respect to a total volume of the plurality of open pores, the plurality of closed pores, and the solid portion.

Abstract: An object of the present invention or a problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide, as a material for use as a positive electrode of a sodium secondary battery, a novel material that allows the resulting battery to have capacity characteristics superior to those of conventional batteries. The composite metal oxide of the present invention has a composition represented by the general formula NaxMeyO2, where Me is at least one selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, and Ni, x satisfies 0.8<x?1.0, and y satisfies 0.95?y<1.05, and consists of a P2 structure. The sodium secondary battery of the present invention includes: a positive electrode (13) containing the composite metal oxide of the present invention; a negative electrode (16) containing a material capable of absorbing and desorbing Na ions; and an electrolyte containing Na ions and anions.

Abstract: A negative-electrode active material for a sodium-ion secondary battery contains a porous carbon material which has a plurality of open pores that extend through to the surface, a plurality of closed pores that do not extend through to the surface, and a solid portion made of carbon material. The distance between (002) planes of carbon in at least a part of the solid portion is 0.36 nm or more. The plurality of closed pores account for a volume ratio of not less than 30% and not more than 90% with respect to a total volume of the plurality of open pores, the plurality of closed pores, and the solid portion.

Abstract: A method for producing a vitreous carbon material which can serve as a carbon material for a power storage device. In the method, a polymer material, having six-membered ring structures in its basic carbon skeleton and having a nitrogen atom, is heated at a temperature of 1000° C. to 2100° C. under an inert gas environment, and then, the polymer material is pulverized, to thereby control graphitization and crystal growth of the carbon material, thus producing a vitreous carbon material which serves as a carbon material for a power storage device.

Abstract: The nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes: a positive electrode containing a positive-electrode active material; a negative electrode; and a nonaqueous electrolyte. The positive-electrode active material contains a lithium-containing oxide obtained by ion-exchanging part of sodium in a cobalt-containing oxide containing lithium, sodium, and titanium with lithium.

Abstract: A negative-electrode active material for a sodium-ion secondary battery contains a porous carbon material which has a plurality of open pores that extend through to the surface, a plurality of closed pores that do not extend through to the surface, and a solid made of carbon material. The distance between (002) planes of the solid portion is not less than 0.340 nm and not more than 0.410 nm. The plurality of closed pores account for a volume ratio of not less than 0% and not more than 10% with respect to a total volume of the plurality of open pores, the plurality of closed pores, and the solid portion. The plurality of open pores account for a volume ratio of not less than 0% and not more than 50% with respect to a total volume of the plurality of open pores, the plurality of closed pores, and the solid portion.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery has a positive electrode containing a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte. The positive electrode active material includes a lithium-containing oxide Lix1Nay1Co?Mn?O?, where 0.66<x1<1.1, 0<y1?0.02, 0.75??<1, 0<??0.25, and 1.9???2.1.

Abstract: A negative-electrode active material for a sodium-ion secondary battery contains a porous carbon material which has a plurality of open pores that extend through to the surface, a plurality of closed pores that do not extend through to the surface, and a solid portion made of carbon material. The distance between (002) planes of carbon in at least a part of the solid portion is 0.36 nm or more. The plurality of closed pores account for a volume ratio of not less than 30% and not more than 90% with respect to a total volume of the plurality of open pores, the plurality of closed pores, and the solid portion.

Abstract: An object of the present invention or a problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide, as a material for use as a positive electrode of a sodium secondary battery, a novel material that allows the resulting battery to have capacity characteristics superior to those of conventional batteries. The composite metal oxide of the present invention has a composition represented by the general formula NaxMeyO2, where Me is at least one selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, and Ni, x satisfies 0.8<x?1.0, and y satisfies 0.95?y<1.05, and consists of a P2 structure. The sodium secondary battery of the present invention includes: a positive electrode (13) containing the composite metal oxide of the present invention; a negative electrode (16) containing a material capable of absorbing and desorbing Na ions; and an electrolyte containing Na ions and anions.

Abstract: A method for producing a vitreous carbon material which can serve as a carbon material for a power storage device In the method, a polymer material, having six-membered ring structures in its basic carbon skeleton and having a nitrogen atom, is heated at a temperature of 1000° C. to 2100° C. under an inert gas environment, and then, the polymer material is pulverized, to thereby control graphitization and crystal growth of the carbon material, thus producing a vitreous carbon material which serves as a carbon material for a power storage device.

Abstract: There is provided a positive electrode for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, the positive electrode being capable of improving the charge-discharge cycle characteristics of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery. A positive electrode 12 of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery 1 contains positive electrode active material particles. The positive electrode active material particles contain a lithium-containing transition metal oxide. The lithium-containing transition metal oxide has a crystal structure that belongs to the space group P63mc. A compound of at least one selected from the group consisting of boron, zirconium, aluminum, magnesium, titanium, and a rare-earth element is attached to surfaces of the positive electrode active material particles.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide an inexpensive non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that allows reversible charge and discharge to be carried out and can be used for a long period because of a stable non-aqueous electrolyte used therein. The invention provides a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material and capable of storing and releasing sodium, a negative electrode capable of storing and releasing sodium, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, and the positive electrode active material includes sodium, nickel, manganese, and a transition metal that can exist in a hexavalent state. An example of the transition metal that can exist in a hexavalent state may include tungsten (W). An example of the negative electrode may include a sodium metal capable of storing and releasing sodium ions.

Abstract: A material (hereinafter referred to as “positive electrode material”) including sodium manganate powder as a positive electrode active material, carbon black powder as a conductive agent, and polytetrafluoroethylene as a binder is prepared. The positive electrode material is mixed in an N-methylpyrrolidone solution to produce slurry as a positive electrode mixture. A working electrode is produced by applying the slurry on a positive electrode collector. A negative electrode containing tin or germanium is produced. The non-aqueous electrolyte is produced by adding sodium hexafluorophosphate as an electrolyte salt in a non-aqueous solvent produced by mixing ethylenecarbonate and diethyl carbonate.

Abstract: A non-aqueous battery with improved volume energy density and enhanced load characteristics is made available even when using olivine-type lithium phosphate as a positive electrode active material. The non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention is provided with a positive electrode (1) containing lithium iron phosphate as a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode (2), and a non-aqueous electrolyte (4). In the positive electrode (1), a positive electrode active material-containing layer that is made of the positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder agent is formed on a positive electrode current collector. The positive electrode current collector has a thickness of less than 20 ?m and its surface that is in contact with the positive electrode active material-containing layer has a mean surface roughness Ra of greater than 0.026.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery exhibits good high-rate charge/discharge characteristic and good charge/discharge cycle property even when the packing density of the negative electrode is increased. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a positive electrode containing a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode containing a negative electrode active material, and a nonaqueous electrolyte, in which the negative electrode active material is a mixture of a carbon material and metal particles of at least one selected from zinc, aluminum, tin, calcium, and magnesium.

Abstract: Using a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery containing lithium iron phosphate as a positive electrode active material and graphite as a negative electrode active material, a low-cost, high energy density battery is provided that exhibits good performance at high rate current and good cycle performance even at high temperature. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery has a positive electrode having a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material-containing layer formed on a surface of the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode active material-containing layer containing a conductive agent and a positive electrode active material including lithium iron phosphate, a negative electrode containing a carbon material, and a non-aqueous electrolyte. The non-aqueous electrolyte contains vinylene carbonate.