Abstract: This invention provides a charging member exhibiting high electrical charge injection efficiency. The charging member has an electro conductive base and an electro conductive fiber, one end of which is connected to the base, in which the fiber contains a plurality of carbon nanotubes which are entangled, and the carbon nanotubes are exposed at the tip portion of the fiber.

Abstract: A polyester molded body includes a core containing a polyester and a surface layer portion covering the core, wherein the surface layer portion contains carbon nanotubes and an ionic liquid, the carbon nanotubes being three-dimensionally entangled in the polyester. A polyester molded body includes a core containing a polyester, an intermediate layer covering the core, and a surface layer portion covering the intermediate layer, wherein the intermediate layer contains carbon nanotubes and an ionic liquid, the carbon nanotubes being three-dimensionally entangled in the polyester, and the surface layer portion contains three-dimensionally entangled carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: A process for producing a liquid crystal device, including the steps of: providing a pair of electrode plates; disposing a sealing agent on at least one of the electrode plates so as to define a region to be filled with a liquid crystal; dispersing adhesive beads over at least one of the electrode plates; adhesively bonding the electrode plates to each other by curing the sealing agent and the adhesive beads under heating and pressure of the electrode plates. In the adhesively bonding step, the pair of electrode plates are provided with at least one heating member capable of setting a prescribed heating temperature for every prescribed region so as to cure the sealing agent and the adhesive beads. The above heating member is effective in improving an adhesive strength of the adhesive beads resulting in a good shock resistance of the resultant liquid crystal device and shortening a curing treatment time of the sealing agent.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device is produced through the steps of: a) disposing a pair of substrates opposite to each other so as to form a cell between the substrates while leaving a first aperture and a second aperture for communication with an exterior and forming an effective optical modulation region between the first and second apertures, b) heating a liquid crystal material for filling the cell, and c) filling the cell with the liquid crystal material by injecting the liquid crystal material through the first aperture under a pressure difference held between the first and second apertures and, after a prescribed period, allowing the liquid crystal material to be discharged out of the second aperture. In the step c), the first aperture, the second aperture and the effective optical modulation region of the cell may preferably receive external pressures P1, P2 and P3, respectively, satisfying P1>P2 and -1 kg.f/cm.sup.2 .ltoreq.P1-P3.ltoreq.0.5 kg.f/cm.sup.2.