Abstract: An ultralow-temperature low-noise amplification apparatus of high sensitivity which realizes a small size, a light weight, a low electric power consumption and a low price. As the insertion loss caused by high-frequency cables and a superconducting filter installed as a first signal transmitting device before a first-stage amplifier is most responsible for any increase in the noise figure of the ultralow-temperature low-noise amplification apparatus as a whole, they are formed from a material causing only a small insertion loss to reduce the noise figure of the apparatus effectively.

Abstract: To provide an amplifying device with reduced size, weight and cost. The amplifying device delays input signals using digital delay sections in a main signal system, performs offset rotation processing of digital input signals in carrier offset sections and power detection in a power detecting section in a control system, matches phases of a multi-carrier signal of the main signal system and a power value signal of the control system in a phase control section, and gives distortion compensation in a predistorter for canceling a nonlinear characteristic generated in an amplifier.

Abstract: A distortion compensator that compensates for distortion arising in a main amplifier 10 that amplifies a signal effectively compensates for third order distortion which is unbalanced between the higher frequency band and lower frequency band. An amplitude detector 3 detects the level of a signal subject to amplification and a signal level change direction detection means 7 detects the direction of change in the level of the signal. A signal level change control means 4-8 stores the correspondence between the signal level and the mode of changing the signal in order to compensate for distortion for when the direction of change in the signal level is positive and when it is negative, and controls a signal change means 9 so that the amplitude and phase of the signal is changed in a mode of changing the signal corresponding to the detected direction of change in the signal level and the detected signal level.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image forming apparatus in which an increase in the service life is compatible with a reduction in apparatus size and cost and which provides high productivity in image formation. The image forming apparatus includes: an image bearing member; an image forming unit; an intermediate transfer device; a final transfer member; a potential gradient forming unit; and a cleaning unit; an upstream side cleaning roll, a downstream side cleaning roll which is in contact with the intermediate transfer member on the downstream side of the upstream side cleaning roll with respect to a feedback direction in which the residual toner is fed back from the final transfer position to the primary transfer position, and a cleaning brush which is in contact with the intermediate transfer member on the downstream side of the upstream side cleaning roll and on the upstream side of the downstream side cleaning roll.

Abstract: A distortion compensation circuit reduces an unbalance between higher and lower 3rd order distortions, the distortions being generated by an amplifier which amplifies an input signal having at least two frequency components. Amplitude modulation means, which includes an amplitude detector, an amplitude circuit, a phase circuit and another amplitude circuit, generates sideband signals corresponding to an instantaneous phase difference between the higher and lower 3rd order distortions, such that distortions generated by the amplifier can be cancelled. Further, sideband signal generating means, which includes an amplitude circuit, a delay circuit, an AM modulator, another amplitude circuit, another delay circuit and a PM modulator, performs AM and PM on the input signal to thereby generate sideband signals, such that distortions generated by the amplifier can be cancelled.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus capable of preventing generation of an excessive difference in potential between a cleaning member and an intermediate transfer member to thereby increase the service life of the intermediate transfer member, including an image bearing member; an image forming unit; an intermediate transfer device formed by at least one intermediate transfer member; a final transfer member; a cleaning member; and a control unit which applies an intermediate-transfer-member-bias to the intermediate transfer member and applies a cleaning-member-bias to the cleaning member to thereby control the potential gradient between the cleaning member and the intermediate transfer member.

Abstract: To provide an image forming apparatus capable of reliably removing an untransferred residual toner from the surface of an intermediate transfer drum which is covered with an elastic layer, thereby enabling to form a recorded image having a high image quality with no ghost image, and capable of continuing to form recorded images having the high image quality over a long period of time without causing damage to the intermediate transfer drum. The intermediate transfer drum is structured such that the periphery of a metal base is covered with an elastic layer. As a toner discharging member for capturing a toner adhered to the intermediate transfer drum and discharging the toner as waste into a recovery box, there are provided a recovery roll that rotates while being in contact with the intermediate transfer drum and a scraper for scraping off a toner adhered to the surface of the recovery roll.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to provide a feedforward amplifier circuitry which is capable of changing a location or placement of each section constituting the feedforward circuitry, in particular a feedforward amplifier circuitry which is capable of changing an interposing location of a variable phase shifter. In the feedforward amplifier circuitry, a variable phase shifters (5, 12) can be disposed on a location other than a post-stage of a predistortion circuits (3, 20), as a result of which it is advantageously possible to provide a designer with more flexibility in changing the locations of variable shifters, regardless of the conventional arrangement of the variable phase shifters disposed on the post-stages of the distortion circuits, when the feedforward amplifier is actually designed.

Abstract: This invention is intended to improve the efficiency of distortion compensation in a distortion compensator that compensates for distortion arising in an amplifier that amplifies a signal. Signal level detection means 1 detects the level of a signal amplified by the amplifier 5. Distortion compensation execution means 2-4 executes distortion compensation with respect to the signal amplified by the amplifier 5 by a mode of distortion compensation corresponding to the signal level detected by the signal level detection means based on a correspondence between signal levels and distortion compensation control values that determines the mode of distortion compensation. Distortion compensation control value correspondence update means 6 updates the correspondence between signal levels and distortion compensation control values used in the execution of distortion compensation by the distortion compensation execution means based on the signal amplified by the amplifier.

Abstract: A distortion reducing circuit compensates an upper side third-order distortion and a lower side third-order distortion produced by an amplifier for amplifying a fundamental signal including multiple frequency components. The distortion reducing circuit includes a second harmonic reflection coefficient regulation circuit, installed at an output side of the amplifier, for regulating reflection coefficients for multiple frequency components included in a second harmonic signal to have a constant value.

Abstract: There is provided a distortion canceling circuit for reducing an unbalance between a higher and a lower 3rd order distortion at frequencies of (2·f2−f1) and (2·f1−f2), respectively, the distortions being generated by an amplifier which amplifies an input signal having at least two frequency components, i.e., f1 and f2. Phase modulation control means supply a control signal, which has a difference frequency of (f2−f1), to phase modulation means, the control signal being generated based on the amplified input signal outputted from the amplifier. The phase modulation means performs phase modulation on the amplified input signal based on the supplied control signal to thereby generate a higher and a lower side-band signal having frequencies of (2·f2−f1) and (2·f1−f2), respectively, each of which has an identical amplitude and a phase difference of 180° with respect to each other.

Abstract: Disclosed is an amplifier apparatus that corrects mismatching of the filter transmission characteristic due to a change in the temperature of the amplifier apparatus itself and thereby stably amplifies the high-frequency signal. The amplifier apparatus converts a signal to be processed into one having an intermediate frequency band to thereby execute amplification processing.

Abstract: A distortion compensation amplification apparatus for compensating distortion generated while amplifying a signal, includes a distributor for distributing an input signal to provide a first and a second outputs, a first delay means for delaying the first output through the use of a surface acoustic wave element, a compensation value generation circuit, responsive to the second output, for determining amplitude and phase compensation values to be used in compensating the distortion, a second delay means for delaying the compensation values according to a delay time of the first delay means, and a predistortion circuit for compensating the output of the first delay means in response to the delayed compensation values. And the second delay means includes at least one type of circuit among the type of an analog delay circuit and a digital delay circuit.

Abstract: A distortion compensator that compensates for distortion arising in a main amplifier 10 that amplifies a signal effectively compensates for third order distortion which is unbalanced between the higher frequency band and lower frequency band. An amplitude detector 3 detects the level of a signal subject to amplification and a signal level change direction detection means 7 detects the direction of change in the level of the signal. A signal level change control means 4-8 stores the correspondence between the signal level and the mode of changing the signal in order to compensate for distortion for when the direction of change in the signal level is positive and when it is negative, and controls a signal change means 9 so that the amplitude and phase of the signal is changed in a mode of changing the signal corresponding to the detected direction of change in the signal level and the detected signal level.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus includes a thermally insulated vessel having a cooling part therein. Disposed inside the thermally insulated vessel are a first electronic part and a second electronic part. The second electronic part is spaced apart from the cooling part while the first electronic part is in direct contact with the cooling part, such that the two electronic parts can operate at different cooling temperatures.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image forming apparatus in which an increase in the service life of the intermediate transfer member is compatible with a reduction in apparatus size and cost and which provides high productivity in image formation.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image forming apparatus capable of preventing generation of an excessive difference in potential between a cleaning member and an intermediate transfer member to thereby increase the service life of the intermediate transfer member.

Abstract: To provide an image forming apparatus capable of reliably removing an untransferred residual toner from the surface of an intermediate transfer drum which is covered with an elastic layer, thereby enabling to forma recorded image having a high image quality with no ghost image, and capable of continuing to form recorded images having the high image quality over a long period of time without causing damage to the intermediate transfer drum. The intermediate transfer drum is structured such that the periphery of a metal base is covered with an elastic layer. As a toner discharging member for capturing a toner adhered to the intermediate transfer drum and discharging the toner as waste into a recovery box, there are provided a recovery roll that rotates while being in contact with the intermediate transfer drum and a scraper for scraping off a toner adhered to the surface of the recovery roll.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to provide a feedforward amplifier circuitry which is capable of changing a location or placement of each section constituting the feedforward circuitry, in particular a feedforward amplifier circuitry which is capable of changing an interposing location of a variable phase shifter. In the feedforward amplifier circuitry, a variable phase shifters (5, 12) can be disposed on a location other than a post-stage of a predistortion circuits (3, 20), as a result of which it is advantageously possible to provide a designer with more flexibility in changing the locations of variable shifters, regardless of the conventional arrangement of the variable phase shifters disposed on the post-stages of the distortion circuits, when the feedforward amplifier is actually designed.

Abstract: A distortion compensation amplification apparatus for compensating distortion generated while amplifying a signal, includes a distributor for distributing an input signal to provide a first and a second outputs, a first delay means for delaying the first output through the use of a surface acoustic wave element, a compensation value generation circuit, responsive to the second output, for determining amplitude and phase compensation values to be used in compensating the distortion, a second delay means for delaying the compensation values according to a delay time of the first delay means, and a predistortion circuit for compensating the output of the first delay means in response to the delayed compensation values. And the second delay means includes at least one type of circuit among the type of an analog delay circuit and a digital delay circuit.