Abstract: In general, according to an embodiment, a power conversion apparatus includes a first inverter, second inverter and a cooler. The first inverter includes a plurality of semiconductor devices connected together in parallel per phase. In the second inverter, the number of parallel-connected semiconductor devices are two or more per phase, the semiconductor devices are connected together in parallel and the number of parallel-connected semiconductor devices in the second inverter is fewer than that in the first inverter per phase. The semiconductor devices in the first inverter are installed in an area of a cooling surface of the cooler positioned over a first channel. The semiconductor devices in the second inverter are installed in an area of the cooling surface positioned over the second channel.

Abstract: In general, according to an embodiment, a power conversion apparatus includes a first inverter, second inverter and a cooler. The first inverter includes a plurality of semiconductor devices connected together in parallel per phase. In the second inverter, the number of parallel-connected semiconductor devices are two or more per phase, the semiconductor devices are connected together in parallel and the number of parallel-connected semiconductor devices in the second inverter is fewer than that in the first inverter per phase. The semiconductor devices in the first inverter are installed in an area of a cooling surface of the cooler positioned over a first channel. The semiconductor devices in the second inverter are installed in an area of the cooling surface positioned over the second channel.

Abstract: An inverter apparatus according to one embodiment includes switching elements and freewheel diodes which are connected to a direct-current power supply, a temperature detector provided near at least one of the switching elements, and a temperature estimation unit. The temperature estimation unit estimates temperatures of switching elements not provided with the temperature detector, based on an estimated-temperature increase value calculated by a loss model of the switching elements and freewheel diode and others, and a temperature of the switching element detected by the temperature detector.

Abstract: An inverter apparatus according to one embodiment includes switching elements and freewheel diodes which are connected to a direct-current power supply, a temperature detector provided near at least one of the switching elements, and a temperature estimation unit. The temperature estimation unit estimates temperatures of switching elements not provided with the temperature detector, based on an estimated-temperature increase value calculated by a loss model of the switching elements and freewheel diode and others, and a temperature of the switching element detected by the temperature detector.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a temperature detection circuit is provided which requires only a small number of additional components, thus minimizing an increase in costs and which offers an insulating property and high responsiveness. A temperature detection circuit outputs a first PWM signal corresponding to a temperature of a first temperature sensor from a photointerrupter as a signal insulated from the first temperature sensor. A temperature detection circuit outputs a second PWM signal corresponding to a temperature of a second temperature sensor from a photointerrupter as a signal insulated from the second temperature sensor. A controlling arithmetic apparatus calculates a higher one of the temperatures detected by the first and second temperature sensors based on the PWM signals output from the photointerrupter.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a temperature detection circuit is provided which requires only a small number of additional components, thus minimizing an increase in costs and which offers an insulating property and high responsiveness. A temperature detection circuit outputs a first PWM signal corresponding to a temperature of a first temperature sensor from a photointerrupter as a signal insulated from the first temperature sensor. A temperature detection circuit outputs a second PWM signal corresponding to a temperature of a second temperature sensor from a photointerrupter as a signal insulated from the second temperature sensor. A controlling arithmetic apparatus calculates a higher one of the temperatures detected by the first and second temperature sensors based on the PWM signals output from the photointerrupter.

Abstract: The method for measuring the concentration of the measuring object uses a sensor chip comprising an optical waveguide layer and an antibody immobilized layer formed on the surface of the optical waveguide layer, which comprises immobilizing the measuring object and an enzyme-labeled antibody labeled with a labeling enzyme on the antibody immobilized layer of the sensor chip having an immobilized antibody, producing a color-developing and precipitating enzyme reaction product by allowing to react a coloring reagent with the labeling enzyme on the antibody immobilized layer to precipitate the enzyme reaction product on the antibody immobilized layer, allowing to totally reflect a light impinged on the sensor chip from the outside at an interface between the optical waveguide layer and the antibody immobilized layer, and observing to a physical value of the totally reflected light.

Abstract: An optical waveguide type iontophoresis sensor chip has a substrate having a first hinged plate and a second hinged plate, an optical waveguide plate connected to the first hinged plate and positioned over a first opening delineated in the first hinged plate, and a gel layer fixed on the second hinged plate and covering a second opening delineated in the second hinged plate and configured to contact with the optical waveguide plate through the first opening in case that the substrate is folded.

Abstract: The method for measuring the concentration of the measuring object uses a sensor chip comprising an optical waveguide layer and an antibody immobilized layer formed on the surface of the optical waveguide layer, which comprises immobilizing the measuring object and an enzyme-labeled antibody labeled with a labeling enzyme on the antibody immobilized layer of the sensor chip having an immobilized antibody, producing a color-developing and precipitating enzyme reaction product by allowing to react a coloring reagent with the labeling enzyme on the antibody immobilized layer to precipitate the enzyme reaction product on the antibody immobilized layer, allowing to totally reflect a light impinged on the sensor chip from the outside at an interface between the optical waveguide layer and the antibody immobilized layer, and observing to a physical value of the totally reflected light.

Abstract: An optical waveguide type iontophoresis sensor chip has a substrate having a first hinged plate and a second hinged plate, an optical waveguide plate connected to the first hinged plate and positioned over a first opening delineated in the first hinged plate, and a gel layer fixed on the second hinged plate and covering a second opening delineated in the second hinged plate and configured to contact with the optical waveguide plate through the first opening in case that the substrate is folded.

Abstract: To weld a filter made of a laser beam-transmittable fiber material to a case made of a laser beam-nontransmittable resin material by a laser beam the filter is first placed on the case; subsequently, the filter is pressurized by a jig to increase the fiber density of a welding portion; and then the welding portion is irradiated by the laser beam. In the step of increasing the fiber density, a periphery of the welding portion is pressurized by the jig to increase the fiber density of the filter in a larger area than the welding portion. Accordingly, the laser beam transmitting through the filter melts a part of the case, and the melted resin material permeates through gaps between the fibers constituting the filter, thereby welding the welding portion to the case.

Abstract: An antigen measuring device has an antibody chip. The antibody chip has a substrate. A pair of gratings are formed on the substrate. An antibody-fixed layer surrounded by a wall is formed between the gratings. A light emitting element emits a light beam toward the first grating. A light receiving element receives the light beam which propagates through the substrate under the antibody-fixed layer and is outputfrom the second grating.

Abstract: An electromagnetic fuel injection valve wherein a central pipe part has satisfactory mechanical strength and an intermediate portion of the pipe part is surely made non-magnetic is provided. The electromagnetic fuel injection valve has a core surrounded by a solenoid coil. A valve housing is disposed forward of the core. The core and the valve housing are connected through a thin-walled portion. The wall thickness of the thin-walled portion is smaller than the wall thickness of the core and that of the valve housing. The core and the thin-walled portion, together with the valve housing, are formed in an integral structure. The thin-walled portion has a sufficient wall thickness to provide satisfactory mechanical strength. The thin-walled portion is modified into a high-hardness non-magnetic portion by a carbulizing treatment.

Abstract: In a car body provided with a battery with a low output voltage of 12 V, a step-up circuit unit is connected between the battery and an electromechanical energy converting section. In a car provided with a battery with a high output voltage of 36 V, the battery is connected directly to the electromechanical energy converting section.

Abstract: To weld a filter made of a laser beam-transmittable fiber material to a case 2 made of a laser beam-nontransmittable resin material by a laser beam LB, the filter 4 is first placed on the case 2; subsequently, the filter 4 is pressurized by a jig 19 to increase the fiber density of a welding portion B2; and then the welding portion B2 is irradiated by the laser beam LB. In the step of increasing the fiber density, a periphery of the welding portion B2 is pressurized by the jig 19 to increase the fiber density of the filter 4 in a larger area than the welding portion B2. Accordingly, the laser beam LB transmitting through the filter 4 melts a part of the case 2, and the melted resin material permeates through gaps between the fibers constituting the filter 4, thereby welding the welding portion to the case 2.

Abstract: An electromagnetic fuel injection valve wherein a central pipe part has satisfactory mechanical strength and an intermediate portion of the pipe part is surely made non-magnetic is provided. The electromagnetic fuel injection valve has a core surrounded by a solenoid coil. A valve housing is disposed forward of the core. The core and the valve housing are connected through a thin-walled portion. The wall thickness of the thin-walled portion is smaller than the wall thickness of the core and that of the valve housing. The core and the thin-walled portion, together with the valve housing, are formed in an integral structure. The thin-walled portion has a sufficient wall thickness to provide satisfactory mechanical strength. The thin-walled portion is modified into a high-hardness non-magnetic portion by a carbulizing treatment.

Abstract: A control device for a permanent magnet motor serving as both a starter for an engine and a generator in a motor vehicle is disclosed.

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle is provided with a valve seat having a valve opening in which a valve is slidably provided, and a seat portion on which the valve is seated, and a nozzle tip having a sack portion and an injection opening 36a formed on the sack portion. The valve seat is formed of metal, and at the same time, the nozzle tip is molded by metal injection molding, wherein the valve seat and nozzle tip are joined by welding, or after the injection opening of the nozzle tip is formed from the upstream side in the fuel injection direction by laser machining, the valve seat and nozzle tip are joined by welding.

Abstract: In a car body provided with a battery with a low output voltage of 12 V, a step-up circuit unit is connected between the battery and an electromechanical energy converting section. In a car provided with a battery with a high output voltage of 36 V, the battery is connected directly to the electromechanical energy converting section.

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle is provided with a valve seat having a valve opening in which a valve is slidably provided, and a seat portion on which the valve is seated, and a nozzle tip having a sack portion and an injection opening 36a formed on the sack portion. The valve seat is formed of metal, and at the same time, the nozzle tip is molded by metal injection molding, wherein the valve seat and nozzle tip are joined by welding, or after the injection opening of the nozzle tip is formed from the upstream side in the fuel injection direction by laser machining, the valve seat and nozzle tip are joined by welding.